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High School Anatomy > Immune System > Flashcards

Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three parts of the lymphatic system?

A

Lymphatic vessels, lymph, and lymph nodes

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2
Q

What are the four lymphoid organs/tissues?

A

Spleen, thymus, tonsils, and other scattered tissues

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3
Q

Where is the thymus?

A

Above the heart

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4
Q

What are lymphatics?

A

The system of drainage vessels that collect fluid

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5
Q

What do lymphatics collect drainage from?

A

Capillary leakage

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6
Q

What collects capillary leakage?

A

Lymphatics

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7
Q

What returns fluid to the bloodstream?

A

Lymphatics

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8
Q

What do lymphatics return?

A

Fluid to the bloodstream

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9
Q

Where do lymphatic vessels lie?

A

In loose connective tissues

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10
Q

What lies in loose connective tissues?

A

Lymphatic vessels

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11
Q

Where ARENT lymphatic vessels located?

A

The CNS or bones

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of lymphatic capillaries?

A

Endothelial cells overlap and collagen filaments anchor cells

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13
Q

What do endothelial cells do?

A

They overlap loosely from minivalves

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14
Q

What overlaps loosely from minivalves?

A

Endothelial cells

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15
Q

What do collagen filaments do?

A

They anchor cells to the surrounding tissues

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16
Q

What does anchoring cells to the surrounding tissues accomplish?

A

It prevents collapse, and changes in fluid volume open and close the valves

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17
Q

What anchors cells to the surrounding tissues?

A

Collagen filaments

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18
Q

What opens and closes valves?

A

Changes in fluid volume

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19
Q

What prevents collapse?

A

Anchoring cells to their surrounding tissues

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20
Q

What do specialized lacteals do?

A

They collect fatty lymph from digestive mucosa

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21
Q

What collects fatty lymph from digestive mucosa?

A

Specialized lacteals

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22
Q

Where do lacteals collect fatty lymph from?

A

Digestive mucosa

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23
Q

What collects fatty lymph?

A

Lacteals

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24
Q

What is the lymph in the digestive mucosa called?

A

Chyle

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25
Q

What is chyle?

A

The lymph in the digestive mucosa

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26
Q

What happens to the lymph in the digestive mucosa after it’s collected?

A

It’s returned to the blood like other lymph

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27
Q

How does vessel structure work?

A

It starts small and gets bigger

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28
Q

Is lymph transported with a pump?

A

No, there’s no pump

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29
Q

What is lymph transport similar to?

A

Venous transport

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30
Q

Where is lymph transported?

A

In deep vessels

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31
Q

Where do deep vessels lie?

A

Alongside arteries

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32
Q

What lies alongside arteries?

A

Deep vessels

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33
Q

What helps move lymph?

A

Pulsing

34
Q

What does pulsing do?

A

It helps move lymph

35
Q

About how much lymph is pumped in a day?

A

3 liters

36
Q

What increases lymphatic movement?

A

Exercising and movement

37
Q

What are the two types of lymphocytes?

A

T cells and B cells

38
Q

What do T cells do?

A

They manage immune response

39
Q

What manages immune response?

A

T cells

40
Q

What do B cells do?

A

They produce plasma cells that secrete antibodies

41
Q

What produces plasma cells that secrete antibodies?

A

B cells

42
Q

What does plasma produced by the B cells secrete?

A

Antibodies

43
Q

What are the four types of lymphoid cells?

A

Lymphocytes, macrophages, dendrites, and reticular

44
Q

Describe macrophages

A

They’re phagocytic and activate T cells

45
Q

What activates T cells?

A

Macrophages

46
Q

What do dendrites do?

A

They capture antigens and take them to lymph nodes

47
Q

What captures antigens and takes them to lymph nodes?

A

Dendrites

48
Q

Where do dendrites take antigens?

A

To the lymph nodes

49
Q

What is taken by the dendrites to the lymph nodes?

A

Antigens

50
Q

What do reticular cells do?

A

They produce stroma that supports other cells types

51
Q

What do reticular cells produce?

A

Stroma

52
Q

What does stroma do?

A

It supports other cell types

53
Q

What supports other cells types?

A

Stroma

54
Q

What is the principal lymphoid organ?

A

Lymph nodes

55
Q

What do lymph nodes do?

A

They filter to destroy micro organisms and something else

56
Q

Where are lymph nodes found?

A

In clusters near the axillary and cervical regions and where ??

57
Q

How long are nodes?

A

One inch

58
Q

What do nodes have?

A

A fibrous capsule, a cortex, and medulla

59
Q

What divides nodes into compartments?

A

Trabeculae

60
Q

What do trabeculae do?

A

They divide nodes into compartments

61
Q

What order does lymph move in?

A

Affterent lymphatic vessels, subcapsular sinus, hilum, and efferent

62
Q

What is the largest lymphoid organ?

A

The spleen

63
Q

What does the spleen have?

A

A splenic artery and vein

64
Q

What does the spleen do?

A

It’s a site for lymphocyte proliferation, cleans blood, stores platelets, stores/releases broken down RBC byproducts, and helps RBC production in fetuses

65
Q

What is a site for lymphocyte proliferation, cleans blood, stores platelets, stores/releases broken down RBC byproducts, and helps RBC production in fetuses?

A

The spleen

66
Q

What does the thymus do?

A

It’s the site for T lymphocyte maturation

67
Q

When is the thymus most active?

A

During the first year of life, then it atrophied

68
Q

What is the most active during the first year of life?

A

The thymus

69
Q

What do the thymus lobules do?

A

They regulate T cell development and prevent autoimmune responses

70
Q

What regulates T cell development and prevents autoimmune responses?

A

The thymus lobules

71
Q

What doesn’t directly fight infection?

A

The thymus

72
Q

What has a blood barrier?

A

The thymus has a blood-thymus barrier

73
Q

What are the different tonsils?

A

Palentine, lingual, pharyngeal, and tubal

74
Q

What do tonsillitis crypts do?

A

They’re an infection invitation that keep it from spreading to the whole body

75
Q

What are the aggregates of lymphoid follicles?

A

Peyer’s patches and MALT

76
Q

Where are Peyer’s patches?

A

In the distal portion of the small ingestion

77
Q

What is located in the distal portion of the small intestine?

A

Peyer’s patches

78
Q

What is similar in structure to tonsils?

A

Peyer’s patches

79
Q

Where else can Peyer’s patches be found besides the main location?

A

In the appendix

80
Q

What are Peyer’s patches similar in structure to?

A

Tonsils

High School Anatomy (36 decks)

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