Immune System Flashcards
What are the three parts of the lymphatic system?
Lymphatic vessels, lymph, and lymph nodes
What are the four lymphoid organs/tissues?
Spleen, thymus, tonsils, and other scattered tissues
Where is the thymus?
Above the heart
What are lymphatics?
The system of drainage vessels that collect fluid
What do lymphatics collect drainage from?
Capillary leakage
What collects capillary leakage?
Lymphatics
What returns fluid to the bloodstream?
Lymphatics
What do lymphatics return?
Fluid to the bloodstream
Where do lymphatic vessels lie?
In loose connective tissues
What lies in loose connective tissues?
Lymphatic vessels
Where ARENT lymphatic vessels located?
The CNS or bones
What are the characteristics of lymphatic capillaries?
Endothelial cells overlap and collagen filaments anchor cells
What do endothelial cells do?
They overlap loosely from minivalves
What overlaps loosely from minivalves?
Endothelial cells
What do collagen filaments do?
They anchor cells to the surrounding tissues
What does anchoring cells to the surrounding tissues accomplish?
It prevents collapse, and changes in fluid volume open and close the valves
What anchors cells to the surrounding tissues?
Collagen filaments
What opens and closes valves?
Changes in fluid volume
What prevents collapse?
Anchoring cells to their surrounding tissues
What do specialized lacteals do?
They collect fatty lymph from digestive mucosa
What collects fatty lymph from digestive mucosa?
Specialized lacteals
Where do lacteals collect fatty lymph from?
Digestive mucosa
What collects fatty lymph?
Lacteals
What is the lymph in the digestive mucosa called?
Chyle
What is chyle?
The lymph in the digestive mucosa
What happens to the lymph in the digestive mucosa after it’s collected?
It’s returned to the blood like other lymph
How does vessel structure work?
It starts small and gets bigger
Is lymph transported with a pump?
No, there’s no pump
What is lymph transport similar to?
Venous transport
Where is lymph transported?
In deep vessels
Where do deep vessels lie?
Alongside arteries
What lies alongside arteries?
Deep vessels
What helps move lymph?
Pulsing
What does pulsing do?
It helps move lymph
About how much lymph is pumped in a day?
3 liters
What increases lymphatic movement?
Exercising and movement
What are the two types of lymphocytes?
T cells and B cells
What do T cells do?
They manage immune response
What manages immune response?
T cells
What do B cells do?
They produce plasma cells that secrete antibodies
What produces plasma cells that secrete antibodies?
B cells
What does plasma produced by the B cells secrete?
Antibodies
What are the four types of lymphoid cells?
Lymphocytes, macrophages, dendrites, and reticular
Describe macrophages
They’re phagocytic and activate T cells
What activates T cells?
Macrophages
What do dendrites do?
They capture antigens and take them to lymph nodes
What captures antigens and takes them to lymph nodes?
Dendrites
Where do dendrites take antigens?
To the lymph nodes
What is taken by the dendrites to the lymph nodes?
Antigens
What do reticular cells do?
They produce stroma that supports other cells types
What do reticular cells produce?
Stroma
What does stroma do?
It supports other cell types
What supports other cells types?
Stroma
What is the principal lymphoid organ?
Lymph nodes
What do lymph nodes do?
They filter to destroy micro organisms and something else
Where are lymph nodes found?
In clusters near the axillary and cervical regions and where ??
How long are nodes?
One inch
What do nodes have?
A fibrous capsule, a cortex, and medulla
What divides nodes into compartments?
Trabeculae
What do trabeculae do?
They divide nodes into compartments
What order does lymph move in?
Affterent lymphatic vessels, subcapsular sinus, hilum, and efferent
What is the largest lymphoid organ?
The spleen
What does the spleen have?
A splenic artery and vein
What does the spleen do?
It’s a site for lymphocyte proliferation, cleans blood, stores platelets, stores/releases broken down RBC byproducts, and helps RBC production in fetuses
What is a site for lymphocyte proliferation, cleans blood, stores platelets, stores/releases broken down RBC byproducts, and helps RBC production in fetuses?
The spleen
What does the thymus do?
It’s the site for T lymphocyte maturation
When is the thymus most active?
During the first year of life, then it atrophied
What is the most active during the first year of life?
The thymus
What do the thymus lobules do?
They regulate T cell development and prevent autoimmune responses
What regulates T cell development and prevents autoimmune responses?
The thymus lobules
What doesn’t directly fight infection?
The thymus
What has a blood barrier?
The thymus has a blood-thymus barrier
What are the different tonsils?
Palentine, lingual, pharyngeal, and tubal
What do tonsillitis crypts do?
They’re an infection invitation that keep it from spreading to the whole body
What are the aggregates of lymphoid follicles?
Peyer’s patches and MALT
Where are Peyer’s patches?
In the distal portion of the small ingestion
What is located in the distal portion of the small intestine?
Peyer’s patches
What is similar in structure to tonsils?
Peyer’s patches
Where else can Peyer’s patches be found besides the main location?
In the appendix
What are Peyer’s patches similar in structure to?
Tonsils
