Nervous System Part 2/ Brain Flashcards
What are the four regions of the brain?
The cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and the cerebellum
What are the two different cerebral hemispheres of the brain?
The left and right
What are gyri?
The elevations of the surface of the brain
What are sulci?
The grooves and dips of the surface of the brain
What are fissures?
Deep grooves on the surface of the brain
What are the four lobes of the cerebrum?
Frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital
What does the cerebral cortex control?
The conscious mind; awareness, remembering, understanding, communication, and voluntary movement
What controls awareness, remembering, understanding, communication, and voluntary movement?
The cerebral cortex
Where does grey matter reside?
On the surface of the cerebral cortex
How thick is grey matter? What percentage of brain mass does it make up?
It’s 2-4mm thick, and it makes up 40% of brain mass
What do the convolutions do?
They triple the surface area
What do the hemispheres of the cerebellum control?
Contralateral function/ senses
Describe the hemispheres
They’re symmetric in structure but not in function
What does conscious behavior involve?
All areas of the cerebral cortex
What is cerebral white matter?
It’s myelinated fibers and their tracts
What does cerebral white matter do?
It’s responsible for communication
What are the three types/ sections of ventricles?
The lateral, third, and fourth ventricles.
What do ventricles do?
They hold and circulate CSF
Where are the ventricles?
Inside the brain
What is the diencephalon?
It’s the areas of grey matter around the third ventricle
What are the three sections of the diencephalon?
Thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus
What does multimodal association do in regard to inputs and outputs?
It receives inputs from multiple senses with outputs to multiple areas
What does multimodal association do?
It gibes meaning to information, stores it in memories, ties it to previous experiences, and decides what action to take
What makes us who we are?
Multimodal association
What are the three parts of multimodal association?
Anterior, posterior, and limbic association
Where does anterior association happen?
In the prefrontal cortex
What does anterior association control?
It controls intelligence, cognition, recall, and personality.
What type of multimodal association matures slowly and depends on the social environment?
Anterior association
What does posterior association do?
It recognizes patterns and faces, localizes us in space, binds sensory inputs into a coherent whole, and is in charge of language
What does limbic association control?
It’s in charge of emotional impact, your sense of danger, and the memories to remember the two
What type of multimodal association controls your sense of danger and emotional impact?
Limbic association
What is lateralization?
The division of labor between hemispheres
What is the division of labor between hemispheres called?
Lateralization
What is cerebral dominance?
Which hemisphere is in dominant in language (left for most people)
What hemisphere controls language, math, and logic?
The left
Which hemisphere controls insight, visual-spatial skills, intuition, and artistic skills?
The right
What is a brain wave?
The general electrical activity of the parts of the cerebral cortex
What is the general electrical activity of the parts of the cerebral cortex called?
Brain waves
What does consciousness involve?
The activity of large areas of the cerebral cortex
What is sleep? What can awake you?
Sleep is partial unconsciousness, and stimuli can wake you up
What happens when the Broca’s area is damaged?
You can understand but not speak
What happens when the Wernike’s area is damaged?
You can speak, but your words are random and jumbled
What side of the brain is involved in body language?
The right side
What can cause imbalances in the brain?
Traumatic brain injury, cerebrovascular accidents, and degenerative brain disorders
How long is the adult spinal cord?
About 18 inches long
How wide is the adult spinal cord?
About 1/2 an inch long
Where does the adult spinal cord end?
Between L1 and L2
