Urinary System Part 2 - The Kidney Flashcards
what is the outer layer/superficial layer of the internal kidney called?
the renal cortex
what is the kidney covered in?
a fibrous capsule
when we put all the renal pyramids together, what do we get?
the renal medulla
there are pieces in between each renal pyramid that are filled with the renal cortex. what are they called?
renal columns
what is the renal papilla?
the point at which each renal pyramid comes towards the renal hilum
where is the kidney doing all of its filtering of the blood?
the renal cortex and medulla
how is blood brought into the kidney?
arterial blood is brought into the kidney on every heart beat from the abdominal aorta through the renal artery to be filtered by the kidney
when will the kidney be up to date on what the body needs?
constantly
- it constantly checks up on the blood to make sure it is meeting the needs of the body
the blood that comes into the kidney will go through?
branches and branches of arteries up into the renal cortex and the renal medulla and the kidney will sift through what is in the blood
what will the kidney do if the blood has too much calcium?
it will hold onto it and not give it back to the blood
what will the kidney do if the blood needs more or less water?
it will make sure the blood has that
once the blood has been filtered by the kidney, where will it go?
it is going to leave through the renal vein and go to the inferior vena cava to rejoin the blood stream
where will all the waste from the blood in the kidney leave?
through a nephron, through the yellow tubes, and head towards the ureter, to the bladder, to leave as urine
where is the blood filtration in the kidney occuring?
nephrons
what are the functional unit of the kidney?
nephrons
each kidney has about how many nephrons?
2.5 million
why are people able to donate a kidney?
because even if you have one left, you still have 2.5 million nephrons (a lot)
after the nephrons of the kidney filter the blood and out everything good back into the blood, where does the leftover waste go?
everything leftover will come down through the renal pyramid, towards the renal papilla of the pyramid and will enter through one of the minor calyx openings which then a bunch of the minor calyx will join to form a major calyx
the major calyx’s join together to form?
the renal pelvis
where does the urine go after the renal pelvis?
will leave through the ureter and head towards the urinary bladder
where is the nephron in a kidney?
it crosses through the renal cortex and renal medulla
- mainly in the cortex so it is very superficial with a bit of a loop in the medulla
what is the afferent arteriole?
the renal artery that has branched and branched and branched until it is small enough to enter the nephron
what does the afferent arteriole do once it enters the nephron?
start branching right away to form the glomerulus
what is glomerulus?
a chunk of arterial vessels that are inside the beginning of the nephron which is a capsular space called glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule
what is the glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule wrapped around?
the glomerulus
what happens in the glomerulus?
the arterial vessels that make it up, are going to dump a lot of the contents of the blood right into the glomerular capsule (lots of water, minerals, molecules, amino acids, calcium)
when the arterial vessels of the glomerulus dump the contents of the blood into the capsule, what does not get dumped?
quite large things that cannot cross
example:
- red blood cells
- larger proteins
- some water to keep the blood moving
after the glomerular capsule gets full of all the contents from the blood, what does the nephron do?
it has to sift through it and decide what to put back into the blood and what to excrete as urine
all the contents that where dumped into the glomerular capsule are now going to be called?
filtrate
- its also called filtrate as it passes through the nephron
when does filtrate start getting called urine?
once it is done with the nephron and on its way out of the body
once the filtrate leaves the glomerular capsule, where does it travel?
it goes through the proximal convoluted tubule
after the proximal convuluted tubule, where does the filtrate go?
the descending limb of the nephron loop
which part of the nephron goes into the medulla?
the nephron loop
after the descending limb of the nephron loop, where does the filtrate go?
the ascending limb of the nephron loop
after the ascending limb of the nephron loop, where does the filtrate go?
the distal convoluted tubule
after the distal convoluted tubule, where does the filtrate/urine go?
a really long tube called the collecting duct
around each sections of the nephron, what is there?
blood vessels wrapped all around these sections
why is there blood vessels wrapped around all of the nephron sections?
because as the filtrate passes through the nephron, things are getting put back in the blood
at what point of the nephron have we finished putting things back into the blood?
the end of the distal convoluted tubule
- have urine left over
where does the urine go after the distal convoluted tubule?
goes down the collecting duct, travel through the medulla, to the renal papilla and then enter one of the minor calyx
what branch of artery enters the nephron?
the afferent arterioles
what’s left of the blood will leave the glomerular capsule in the? (NOT THE FILTRATE)
in the efferent arteriole
what are the blood vessels in the glomerulus called?
glomerular capillaries
what makes all the branches of arterioles that surrounds the nephrons?
the efferent arteriole
the branches of arterioles that surrounds the nephrons is called?
peritubular capillaries
what takes back some of the things that were in the filtrate along the nephron that the blood still wants?
the peritubular capillaries
what blood do we get past the distal convoluted tubule?
venous blood
why do we end up with venous blood after the distal convoluted tubule?
because the peritubular capillaries all along the nephron were also passing oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the kidney
all the peritubular capillaries are going to join their branches together until they become? to go to?
a renal vein to go to the inferior vena cava
what carries perfect blood?
the renal vein to carry back up to the circulatory system via the inferior vena cava
during the process of filtrate going through the nephron, what happens?
things will constantly be crossing into the peritubular capillaries so that the blood is getting back everything it needs while the nephron holds everything that the blood does not need
