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KINE2031: Human Anatomy > Module 4C: Upper Appendicular Muscles > Flashcards

Module 4C: Upper Appendicular Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

what are the appendicular muscles?

A

muscles that move and attach to the limb

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2
Q

if some appendicular muscles can attach to the axial skeleton, why are they called appendicular muscles?

A

because they have a direct impact on the appendicular skeletal movement
- so they are grouped with the appendicular muscles

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3
Q

why can the scapula move freely over the thoracis wall?

A

because there is no ligament attachment to the thorax

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4
Q

what are three movements of the scapula?

A
  1. elevation and depression (up and down)
  2. protraction(adduction) and retraction(abduction) (left and right)
  3. upward and downward rotation (moving arm up and down) (clockwise and counter-clockwise)
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5
Q

what is the point of reference for upward and downward rotation of the scapula?

A

the glenoid cavity
- if it points up, it is an upward rotation and if it points down, it is a downward rotation

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6
Q

what is the trapezius?

A

a shoulder girdle muscle
- looks like a diamond on the back
- has three fibers (superior, middle and inferior)

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7
Q

what is the origin of the trapezius?

A
  • nuchal ligament (ligamentum nuchae)
  • spines of thoracic vertebrae
  • occipital bone
  • ALL THREE, NOT JUST ONE
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8
Q

what is the insertion of the trapezius?

A
  • clavicle (out front)
  • acromion process (laterally)
  • spine of scapula (back)
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9
Q

what is the action of the trapezius?

A
  • elevate scapula
  • adduction/retraction of scapula
  • upward rotation of scapula, depression
  • shoulder shrug (combination of elevation and adduction of the scapula)
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10
Q

where is the most action of the trapezius?

A

the scapula

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11
Q

which muscle primarily elevates the scapula?

A

the levator scapulae

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12
Q

what is the origin of the levator scapulae?

A

C1-C4 transverse processes

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13
Q

where does most of the back muscles attach to?

A

spinous processes

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14
Q

what is the insertion of the levator scapulae?

A

superior angle of scapula
- located superiorly to the spine of the scapula

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15
Q

what is the action of the levator scapulae?

A
  • scapula elevation (if you pull up or contract this muscle, you will pull up on the scapula, causing elevation)
  • on ONE side, it will do a clockwise rotation which depresses the glenoid fossa (if you pull up on this medial side, the lateral side will go down(occurs when lowering the arm)

-* elevates medial border of scapula - shoulder shrug with trapezius; downward rotation of scapula

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16
Q

the levator scapulae works with the trapezius muscle for which movement?

A

the shrug movement
- they both have elevation in common

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17
Q

is the rhomboid minor superior to the rhomboid major?

A

yes

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18
Q

what is the origin of the rhomboid minor and major?

A

the spinous processes of C7-T5

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19
Q

what is the insertion of the rhomboid minor and major?

A

medial border of scapula
- insert lower than the levator scapula

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20
Q

what is the actions of the rhomboid minor and major?

A
  • retraction of scapula
  • elevation of scapula
  • downward rotation of scapula
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21
Q

what muscle is superficial to the ribs directly and to the intercostal muscles?

A

the serratus anterior

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22
Q

what is the origin of the serratus anterior?

A

the lateral surface of ribs 1-9

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23
Q

what is the insertion of the serratus anterior?

A
  • the medial border of scapula, anterior surface
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24
Q

how does the serratus anterior start and then move?

A

starts deep and moves more superficially

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25
Q

why is the serratus anterior called serratus?

A

because the bumpy origin points look like a serrated knife

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26
Q

what are the actions of the serratus anterior?

A
  • abduction/protraction of scapula
  • upward rotation of scapula
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27
Q

why is the serratus anterior called the boxers muscle?

A

because of its function of scapular protraction at the abduction of the scapula
- boxers are able to get more reach with their fist due to the protraction of the scapula which allows the glenoid fossa to move to a point that is more forward

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28
Q

what is a cause of scapula winging?

A

an insufficient serratus anterior and strength endurance and/or function
- scapula winging can effect the ability to lift, pull and push heavy objects and consequently impacts the ability to carry out many activities of daily living
- may cause pain, limits shoulder elevation because you are limited in the upward rotation of the scapula

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29
Q

is the pectoralis minor generally deep or superficial?

A

deep

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30
Q

what is the origin of the pectoralis minor?

A
  • outer surface of ribs 2-5
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31
Q

what is the insertion of the pectoralis minor?

A

coracoid process of scapula

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32
Q

what is the actions of the pectoralis minor?

A

weak shoulder protraction (serratus anterior is prime mover)
- pulls scapula forward
- synergist to serratus interior

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33
Q

how many heads does the deltoid have?

A

three
1. spinal (posterior) head
2. acromial (lateral) head
3. clavicular (anterior) head

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34
Q

what is the origin of the deltoid spinal (posterior) head?

A

the spine of scapula

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35
Q

what is the insertion of the deltoid spinal (posterior) head?

A

deltoid tuberosity of humerus

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36
Q

what are the actions of the deltoid spinal (posterior) head?

A
  • extension of humerus
  • lateral rotation of humerus
  • abduction of humerus
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37
Q

what is the origin of the deltoid acromial (lateral) head?

A

acromion of the scapula

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38
Q

what is the insertion of the deltoid acromial (lateral) head?

A

the deltoid tuberosity of humerus

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39
Q

what is the action of the deltoid acromial (lateral) head?

A

abduction of arm at shoulder

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40
Q

what is the origin of the deltoid clavicular (anterior) head?

A

clavicle

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41
Q

what is the insertion of the deltoid clavicular (anterior) head?

A

deltoid tuberosity of humerus

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42
Q

what is the actions of the deltoid clavicular (anterior) head?

A
  • flexion of humerus
  • medial rotation of humerus
  • abduction of humerus
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43
Q

what is the most superficial muscle of the anterior thorax?

A

the pectoralis major

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44
Q

what is the origin of the pectoralis major?

A
  • medial clavicle
  • costal cartilage of ribs 1-6
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45
Q

what is the insertion of the pectoralis major?

A

bicipital (intertubercular) groove of humerus

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46
Q

what is the actions of the pectoralis major?

A
  • flexion of arm at shoulder
  • extension of flexed arm
  • medial rotation of humerus
  • adduction of humerus
  • horizontal flexion of arm
  • movement of humerus because of where it inserts
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47
Q

which view can we see the latissimus dorsi?

A

the posterior view

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48
Q

what is the origin of the latissimus dorsi?

A
  • posterior sacrum
  • lumbar vertebrae
  • lower thoracic vertebrae
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49
Q

what is the insertion of the latissimus dorsi?

A
  • bicipital (intertubercular) groove of humerus
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50
Q

what are the actions of the latissimus dorsi?

A
  • extension of arm at shoulder
  • medial rotation of humerus
  • adduction of humerus
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51
Q

how many muscles are in the rotator cuff?

A

four

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52
Q

what muscles of the rotator cuff can be seen anteriorly?

A
  • supraspinatus
  • subscapularis
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53
Q

what muscles of the rotator cuff can be seen posteriorly?

A
  • supraspinatus
  • infraspinatus
  • teres minor
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54
Q

what does all the rotator cuff muscles connect the scapula to? what do they function to do?

A

the humerus
- all function to stabilize the shoulder joint during movement of the joint in addition to their individual actions

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55
Q

what is the origin of the supraspinatus?

A

supraspinous fossa of scapula

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56
Q

what is the insertion of the supraspinatus?

A

greater tubercle of humerus

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57
Q

what is the action of the supraspinatus?

A
  • provide strength and stability to shoulder joint
  • initiates arm abduction (then deltoid takes over)
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58
Q

what runs underneath the spine of the scapula and the acromion process?

A

the supraspinous fossa of the scapula

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59
Q

when there is damage to the rotator cuff, typically which muscle is the first that is damaged and/or torn?

A

supraspinatus muscle

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60
Q

what is the origin of the infraspinatus muscle?

A

infraspinous fossa of scapula

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61
Q

what is the insertion of the infraspinatus muscle?

A

greater tubercle of humerus

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62
Q

what is the action of the infraspinatus muscle?

A
  • provides strength to posterior component of shoulder joint
  • lateral rotation of humerus
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63
Q

what is the origin of the teres minor?

A

lateral border of scapula

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64
Q

what is the insertion of the teres minor?

A

greater tubercle of humerus, below infraspinatus

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65
Q

what are the actions of the teres minor?

A
  • provides posterior support to shoulder joint
  • lateral rotation of humerus
  • adduction of humerus
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66
Q

what view is the subscapularis seen in?

A

the anterior deep view

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67
Q

what is the origin of the subscapularis muscle?

A

subscapular fossa of scapula

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68
Q

what is the insertion of the subscapularis muscle?

A

lesser tubercle of humerus

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69
Q

what are the actions of the subscapularis muscle?

A
  • provides strength to shoulder joint capsule
  • medial rotation of humerus (because of its anterior position)
  • adduction of humerus
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70
Q

which is the largest rotator cuff muscle?

A

subscapularis

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71
Q

is the teres major a rotator cuff muscle?

A

no

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72
Q

where does the teres major run from?

A

the lateral border by the inferior angle of the scapula to to up under the arm through the armpit to the front to attach to the bicipital (intertubercular) groove of humerus

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73
Q

what muscle is teres major a synergist to?

A

the latissimus dorsi

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74
Q

what is the origin of the teres major?

A
  • lateral border of scapula
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75
Q

what is the distal attachment of the teres major?

A
  • bicipital groove of humerus
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76
Q

what are the actions of the teres major?

A
  • medial rotation of arm
  • extension of arm
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77
Q

is the teres major capable of stabilizing the shoulder joint

A

no, it is incapable

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78
Q

what does brachii mean?

A

arm

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79
Q

what does biceps mean?

A

two heads

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80
Q

what is the two origins of the biceps brachii?

A

long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
short head: coracoid process of scapula

81
Q

what is the insertion of the biceps brachii?

A

radial tuberosity

82
Q

what is the action of the biceps brachii?

A
  • elbow flexion (when forearm is supinated) (MAIN ACTION)
  • elbow supination
  • flexion of the shoulder
83
Q

why is the long head of the biceps brachii called the long head?

A

because it has a longer tendon
- because it has to travel over the top of the head of the humerus to get to its attachment point

84
Q

how many heads does the triceps brachii have?

A

three heads
- long
- medial
- lateral

85
Q

what is the three origins of the triceps brachii?

A
  • long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
  • medial head: posterior/medial aspect of humerus (medial/inferior to spiral line)
  • lateral head: posterior/lateral aspect of humerus (lateral/superior to spiral line)
86
Q

what is the insertion of the triceps brachii?

A

olecranon process of ulna

87
Q

what are the actions of the triceps brachii?

A
  • extension of elbow
  • extension of arm at shoulder (long head only)
88
Q

what muscle is the major contributor to arm extension?

A

posterior deltoid

89
Q

what is the only muscle for elbow extension?

A

the triceps brachii
- its large with multiple heads so we don’t need more
- usually to return from a flexed to a straight arm

90
Q

which muscle is an antagonist to the arm flexors?

A

the triceps brachii

91
Q

what is the origin of the coracobrachialis?

A

coracoid process of scapula
- runs underneath the biceps brachii

92
Q

what is the insertion of the coracobrachialis?

A

medial side of shaft of humerus (about the level of the deltoid tuberosity)

93
Q

what is the action of the coracobrachialis?

A

flex the arm at the shoulder

94
Q

what is the origin of the brachialis?

A

anterior shaft of humerus
(does not cross the shoulder joint)

95
Q

what is the insertion of the brachialis?

A
  • coronoid process of ulna
  • ulnar tuberosity (just below the elbow joint)
96
Q

what is the action of the brachialis?

A
  • elbow flexion
97
Q

where is the brachialis muscle in regards to the biceps brachii?

A

deep
- also has a wider end than the biceps brachii

98
Q

if the beginning of the muscles name starts with “brachi”, what does this mean?

A

muscle is coming off of the arm

99
Q

what is the origin of the brachioradialis?

A
  • shaft of humerus, just above lateral epicondyle
100
Q

what is the insertion of the brachioradialis?

A
  • styloid process of radius
101
Q

what is the action of the brachioradialis?

A

elbow flexion (in partial supination)

102
Q

which muscle is also called your handshaking, beer, water or drinking muscle?

A

the brachioradialis

103
Q

which exercise targets the brachioradialis?

A

the hammer curl

104
Q

the anterior aspect of your forearm is primarily for what?

A

wrist/digit flexion

105
Q

the posterior aspect of your forearm is primarily for what?

A

wrist/digit extensors

106
Q

how many muscles are in the superficial anterior compartment of the forearm muscles?

A

four muscles
- they all have a common origin on the medial epicondyle of humerus
- they are all synergists for elbow flexion (weak)
- all cross the elbow

107
Q

how many muscles are in the intermediate anterior compartment of the forearm muscles?

A

one

108
Q

how many muscles are in the deep anterior compartment of the forearm muscles?

A

three
- they all do not cross the elbow joint

109
Q

what are the four anterior superficial forearm muscles?

A

(in order of lateral to medial)
1. pronator teres
2. flexor carpi radialis
3. palmaris longus
4. flexor carpi ulnaris

110
Q

what is the origin of the pronator teres forearm muscle?

A

medial epicondyle of the humerus

111
Q

what is the insertion of the pronator teres forearm muscle?

A

lateral surface of radius
- about the same level as the supinator muscle

112
Q

what is the action of the pronator teres forearm muscle?

A
  • pronates forearm
  • elbow flexion
113
Q

what is the origin of the flexor carpi radialis forearm muscle?

A

medial epicondyle of the humerus

114
Q

what is the insertion of the flexor carpi radialis forearm muscle?

A

base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

115
Q

what is the action of the flexor carpi radialis forearm muscle?

A

flex and abduct wrist (or hand), elbow flexion

116
Q

what is the origin of the palmaris longus forearm muscle?

A

medial epicondyle of the humerus

117
Q

what is the insertion of the palmaris longus forearm muscle?

A

palmar aponeurosis
- passes OVER the flexor retinaculum

118
Q

what is the action of the palmaris longus forearm muscle?

A

flex wrist; elbow flexion

119
Q

what is the origin of the flexor carpi ulnaris forearm muscle?

A
  • medial epicondyle of the humerus
  • upper part of ulna
120
Q

what is the insertion of the flexor carpi ulnaris forearm muscle?

A

pisiform, base of 5th metacarpal

121
Q

what is the action of the flexor carpi ulnaris forearm muscle?

A

flex and adduct wrist, elbow flexion

122
Q

what does “teres” mean?

A

round-shaped muscle

123
Q

what is the flexor retinaculum for?

A

its a tight band of connective tissue moving from medial to lateral across the carpal bones that helps prevent bowing of the tendons as it performs action at the wrist

124
Q

what is the palmer aponeurosis?

A

layers of tendon and fascia cover the palm of the hand
- helps to protect the vessels and layers of tendon and muscles in the palm of the hand

125
Q

what is the intermediate anterior forearm muscle?

A

flexor digitorum superficialis

126
Q

what is the origin of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A
  • medial epicondyle of humerus
  • coronoid process of ulna
  • shaft of radius
127
Q

how many heads are there for the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

two heads

128
Q

what is the insertion of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

middle phalanges of digits 2-5
- when it inserts, it has this snake tongue-like attachment

129
Q

what are the actions of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A
  • proximal interphalangeal joints: flexion
  • metacarpophalangeal joints: flexion
  • wrist: flexion
  • elbow: flexion (weak)

FLEXES EVERY JOINT IT CROSSES

130
Q

what are the three anterior deep forearm muscles?

A
  1. flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)
  2. flexor pollicis longus (FPL)
  3. pronator quadratus (PQ)
131
Q

what does profundus mean?

A

deep

132
Q

what does pollicis mean?

A

thumb

133
Q

what does quadratus mean?

A

square

134
Q

what is the origin of the flexor digitorum profundus anterior deep forearm muscle?

A
  • upper anterior ulna
  • interosseus membrane
135
Q

what is the insertion of the flexor digitorum profundus anterior deep forearm muscle?

A

distal phalanges (digits 2-5)
- runs under the flexor retinaculum at the wrist and right to the tip of the finger of digits 2-5

136
Q

what is the action of the flexor digitorum profundus anterior deep forearm muscle?

A
  • flexion of distal interphalangeal joints
  • flexion of metacarpophalangeal joints
  • wrist flexion
137
Q

what is the origin of the flexor pollicis longus anterior deep forearm muscle?

A
  • anterior shaft of radius
  • interosseus membrane
138
Q

what is the insertion of the flexor pollicis longus anterior deep forearm muscle?

A

distal phalanx of thumb
- runs under the flexor retinaculum at the wrist and right to the tip of the finger of digit 1

139
Q

what are the actions of the flexor pollicis longus anterior deep forearm muscle?

A
  • flexion of carpal metacarpal joints
  • flexion of metacarpophalangeal joints
  • interphalangeal joint of the first digit
  • wrist flexion
140
Q

what is the origin of the pronator quadratus anterior deep forearm muscle?

A

distal ulna on the medial side

141
Q

what is the insertion of the pronator quadratus anterior deep forearm muscle?

A

distal radius on the lateral side

142
Q

what is the action of the pronator quadratus anterior deep forearm muscle?

A

forearm pronation
- when it contracts it pulls its assertion of the radius towards the origin on the ulna which will turn the palm of the hand down or over

143
Q

if you were to make a fist and flex everything in your hand, which muscles would be hard at work?

A
  • flexor digitorum profundus
  • flexor pollicis longus
144
Q

what is the common origin for the posterior superficial forearm muscles?

A

common extensor origin on:
- lateral epicondyle of humerus

145
Q

what are the two groups of posterior forearm muscles and how many are there?

A
  • superficial group (4 muscles)
  • deep group (6 muscles)
146
Q

what are the four posterior superficial forearm muscles?

A

in order from lateral to medial
1. extensor carpi radialis longus (very long tendon)
2. extensor carpi radialis brevis
3. extensor digitorum
4. extensor carpi ulnaris

147
Q

what is the origin of the extensor carpi radialis longus posterior superficial forearm muscle?

A
  • above lateral epicondyle of humerus
148
Q

what does “brevis” mean?

A

short

149
Q

what is the action of the extensor digitorum?

A
  • extend the digits
  • there is a split of the tendon that goes right to the distal phalanx
150
Q

what is the insertion of the extensor carpi radialis longus posterior superficial forearm muscle?

A

base of second metacarpal

151
Q

what is the origin of the extensor carpi radialis brevis posterior superficial forearm muscle?

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus

152
Q

what is the origin of the extensor carpi ulnaris posterior superficial forearm muscle?

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus

153
Q

what is the origin of the extensor digitorum posterior superficial forearm muscle?

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus

154
Q

what is the insertion of the extensor carpi radialis brevis posterior superficial forearm muscle?

A

base of third metacarpal

155
Q

what is the insertion of the extensor carpi ulnaris posterior superficial forearm muscle?

A

base of fifth metacarpal

156
Q

what is the insertion of the extensor digitorum posterior superficial forearm muscle?

A

distal phalanx of digits 2-5 via extensor expansion

157
Q

what is the action of the extensor carpi radialis longus posterior superficial forearm muscle?

A
  • extension of wrist and elbow
  • abducts wrist (bc they have tendons on the radial side)
158
Q

what is the action of the extensor carpi radialis brevis posterior superficial forearm muscle?

A
  • extension of wrist and elbow
  • abducts wrist (bc they have tendons on the radial side)
159
Q

what is the action of the extensor digitorum posterior superficial forearm muscle?

A
  • extension of wrist and elbow
  • finger extension (digits 2-5)
160
Q

what is the action of the extensor carpi ulnaris posterior superficial forearm muscle?

A
  • extension of wrist and elbow
  • adducts wrist (or hand)
161
Q

what are the six deep posterior forearm muscles?

A
  1. supinator
  2. anconeus
  3. abductor pollicis longus
  4. extensor pollicis longus
  5. extensor pollicis brevis
  6. extensor indicis
162
Q

what is the origin of the supinator posterior deep forearm muscle?

A
  • lateral epicondyle of humerus
  • posterior radial notch of ulna
163
Q

what is the origin of the anconeus posterior deep forearm muscle?

A
  • lateral epicondyle of humerus
164
Q

what is the origin of the abductor pollicis longus posterior deep forearm muscle?

A
  • posterior surface of radius and ulna
  • interosseous membrane
165
Q

what is the origin of the extensor pollicis longus posterior deep forearm muscle?

A
  • posterior surface of ulna
  • interosseous membrane
166
Q

what is the origin of the extensor pollicis brevis posterior deep forearm muscle?

A
  • posterior surface of radius
  • interosseous membrane
167
Q

what is the origin of the extensor indicis posterior deep forearm muscle?

A
  • posterior surface of ulna
  • interosseous membrane
168
Q

what is the insertion of the supinator posterior deep forearm muscle?

A
  • anterolateral radius, distal to radial tuberosity
169
Q

what is the insertion of the anconeus posterior deep forearm muscle?

A

olecranon

170
Q

what is the insertion of the abductor pollicis longus posterior deep forearm muscle?

A

first metacarpal

171
Q

what is the insertion of the extensor pollicis longus posterior deep forearm muscle?

A

distal phalanx of thumb

172
Q

what is the insertion of the extensor pollicis brevis posterior deep forearm muscle?

A

proximal phalanx of thumb
- hence it is shorter than the extensor pollicis longus

173
Q

what is the insertion of the extensor indicis posterior deep forearm muscle?

A

distal phalanx of digit 2 (via extensor expansion)

174
Q

we wouldnt be able to extend digit 2 independently if we didn’t have which muscle?

A

extensor indicis
- allows us to point at people

175
Q

what is the action of the supinator posterior deep forearm muscle?

A
  • forearm supination
  • elbow extension
    (synergist to the biceps brachii muscle)
176
Q

what is the action of the anconeus posterior deep forearm muscle?

A
  • elbow extension
    (synergist to triceps brachii)
177
Q

what is the action of the abductor pollicis longus posterior deep forearm muscle?

A
  • wrist extension
  • thumb abduction
178
Q

what is the action of the extensor pollicis longus posterior deep forearm muscle?

A
  • metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal extension of thumb
  • wrist extension
179
Q

what is the action of the extensor pollicis brevis posterior deep forearm muscle?

A
  • metacarpophalangeal extension of thumb
  • wrist extension

no interphalangeal extension of thumb because it inserts at proximal phalanx so it doesn’t cross those joints

180
Q

what is the action of the extensor indicis posterior deep forearm muscle?

A
  • interphalangeal extension of 2nd digit
  • wrist extension
181
Q

why isn’t interphalangeal extension of the thumb an action of the extensor pollicis brevis?

A

because it inserts at proximal phalanx so it does not cross those joints

182
Q

the intrinsic muscles that are contained entirely in the hand are responsible for what?

A

mainly precision movements with the fingers and the thumb

183
Q

where do the extrinsic hand muscles originate?

A

in the forearm

184
Q

where do the extrinsic hand muscles insert?

A

in the hand

185
Q

what is the function of the extrinsic hand muscles?

A
  • function in forceful gripping with the hand
186
Q

the thenar muscle group (thenar eminence) is made up of what?

A

three muscles at the base of the thumb on the palm side
1. opponens pollicis
2. abductor pollicis brevis
3. flexor pollicis brevis

187
Q

which muscle group allows the thumb to oppose other digits?

A

the thenar muscle group
(touching tip of thumb to tip of other fingers)

– ALSO permits flexion and abduction of the thumb

188
Q

the hypothenar muscle group (hypothenar eminence) is made up of what?

A

three muscles on the pinky side of the hand
1. opponens digiti minimi
2. abductor digiti minimi
3. flexor digiti minimi brevis

189
Q

which muscle group contributes of the movement of the fifth digit?

A

the hypothenar muscle group
- rotate the fifth metacarpal

190
Q

which muscle group is important for grasping objects?

A

the hypothenar muscle group

191
Q

what is the origin of the interossei (palmar and dorsal) muscles?

A

shafts of metacarpals

192
Q

what is the insertion of the interossei (palmar and dorsal) muscles?

A

extensor expansion

193
Q

what is the action of the interossei (palmar and dorsal) muscles?

A
  • adduction/abduction of digits (toward and away the middle finger - there is none of the third digit)
194
Q

what is the origin of the lumbricals?

A

tendon of flexor digitorum profundus

195
Q

what is the insertion of the lumbricals?

A

extensor expansion (digits 2-5)

196
Q

what is the action of the lumbricals?

A
  • flexion at metacarpophalangeal joints
    WHILE
  • extension at interphalangeal joints (digits 2-5)
  • waving bye or shewing someone away
197
Q

how many lumbricals do we have?

A

four

198
Q

which muscle is a worm-like muscle that we have four of, each one associated with each finger?

A

lumbricals

199
Q

what are the intrinsic muscles of the hand?

A
  1. thenar muscle group
  2. hypothenar muscle group
  3. interossei (palmar and dorsal) muscles
  4. lumbricals

KINE2031: Human Anatomy (34 decks)

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