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KINE2031: Human Anatomy > Digestive System Part 3 - Accessory Digestive Organs > Flashcards

Digestive System Part 3 - Accessory Digestive Organs Flashcards

1
Q

what are accessory digestive organs?

A

organs that are related to digestion but the food does not actually pass directly through them

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2
Q

where is the liver located?

A

inferior to the diaphragm, and a LITTLE anterior to the stomach

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3
Q

where is the gallbladder?

A

tucked behind the liver

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4
Q

where is the pancreas?

A

tucked behind the stomach

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5
Q

where is the spleen?

A

tucked a little bit behind the stomach, on the left side

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6
Q

what are the different areas of the pancreas?

A
  • the head
  • the body
  • the tail
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7
Q

where is the head of the pancreas?

A

more inferior

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8
Q

where is the tail of the pancreas?

A

more superior

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9
Q

where does the head of the pancreas fit into?

A

directly in the C shape of the duodenum

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10
Q

why is it important that the pancreas head fits directly into the C shape of the duodenum?

A

because the pancreas has ducts that are going to carry products directly into the duodenum

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11
Q

what does the pancreas function as?

A

an exocrine and an endocrine organ

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12
Q

what does endocrine mean?

A

products are released directly into the bloodstream

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13
Q

what is the endocrine function of the pancreas?

A

it makes metabolic hormones and dumps it directly in the blood stream

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14
Q

when we are talking about digestion, which function of the pancreas are we more focused on?

A

the exocrine function

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15
Q

what is the exocrine function of the pancreas?

A

it makes a number of digestive enzymes which travel through the pancreatic ducts and empty into the duodenum

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16
Q

how many openings are there in the pancreas to the duodenum?

A

2
- 1 is the main opening and the other is a smaller branch of the duct that opens above as a backup

  • empty the digestive enzymes produced by the pancreas into the duodenum
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17
Q

what does the interior walls of the duodenum produce?

A

some of their own digestive enzymes
- includes the productive of bicarbonate

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18
Q

what is bicarbonate?

A

a very basic molecule (high pH)

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19
Q

what is the important function of bicarbonate in the duodenum?

A

neutralizes the hydrochloric acid that came in from the stomach

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20
Q

what helps finish off the chemical breakdown of food?

A

the digestive enzymes from the pancreas and the duodenum

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21
Q

is there a duct system associated with the gallbladder and liver?

A

yes

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22
Q

all of the ducts associated with the gallbladder and liver is located where?

A

posterior to the liver

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23
Q

what are the jobs of the liver?

A

cardiovascular system:
- clean the blood of toxins

digestive system:
- produces bile

24
Q

what is bile for?

A

important in the breakdown of fats in our food
- uses ducts to travel down to the duodenum through an opening that is shared with the pancreatic duct

25
Q

what is bile?

A

a special digestive enzyme

26
Q

how many lobes are there in the liver?

A

four
- right lobe
- left lobe
- caudate lobe (posteriorly superior)
- quadrate lobe (posteriorly inferior)

27
Q

what functions very closely with the gallbladder?

A

the liver

28
Q

what is the job of the gallbladder?

A

store bile

29
Q

what produces bile?

A

the liver

30
Q

what is the pathway of bile?

A

we make bile in the lobes of the liver –> come through the right and left hepatic duct –> join to form the common hepatic duct –> either continues through the common bile duct or goes to the gallbladder

common bile duct –> to the duodenum
gallbladder: common hepatic duct –> sharp right –> cystic duct –> gallbladder –> storage until needed

31
Q

what does hepatic mean?

A

liver

32
Q

what determines if bile continues through the common bile duct or goes to the gallbladder?

A
  • continues through the common bile duct if we have eaten something fatty and we need the bile in the duodenum right away for digestion
33
Q

do we always have bile in the gallbladder?

A

no

34
Q

if we have bile in our gallbladder, what will happen when we eat fatty food?

A

the bile will be emptied out
- we know because of our signals from neurons from the enteric nervous system
- it will leave through the cystic duct –> through the common bile duct –> into the duodenum

35
Q

what happens if we need more bile after emptying out the gallbladder?

A

we can get it from the liver from all the ducts

36
Q

what is surrounding the inner wall of the abdomen?

A

the parietal peritoneum

37
Q

what is the parietal peritoneum?

A

a membranous layer that is running around the inner wall of the abdomen and around most of the liver

38
Q

what surrounds most of the internal organs?

A

the visceral peritoneum

39
Q

where are the parietal and visceral peritoneum going to meet?

A

in a lot of places along the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity

40
Q

what are the places where the parietal and visceral peritoneum connect called?

A

the mesentery

41
Q

what does mesentery look like?

A

this membranous covering of much of the contents of the abdomen

42
Q

what is often on the mesentery?

A

a lot of fat which is going to give a lot of protection

43
Q

what is there a lot of in the mesentery?

A

a lot of blood vessels

44
Q

what is the layering of mesentery?

A

a double layer of peritoneum because visceral and parietal are both single layers

45
Q

why is mesentery able to protect blood vessels?

A

because it is a double layer that has fat between them and blood vessels

46
Q

the space between the peritoneum layers is called?

A

peritoneal cavity
- allows space for things to expand into

47
Q

are many components of the gastrointestinal tract elastic walled and expansive?

A

yes so we can have extra room for food and during pregnancy for females

48
Q

is a few areas, we have mesentery that folds back on itself so we end up with how many layers?

A

four

49
Q

what is the greater omentum?

A

looks like a big fatty apron that hangs over the contents of the abdomen

  • mesentery that attaches the stomach, goes down, folds back onto itself, and attached to the transverse colon
50
Q

what does omentum mean?

A

apron

51
Q

what does the greater omentum connect to?

A

the transverse colon and the greater curvature of the stomach

52
Q

how many layers is the greater omentum?

A

four layers of peritoneum because it is two layers of mesentery which is 2 layers each
- covered in fat

53
Q

can the greater omentum just flip up?

A

yes, it just hangs so it is very mobile

54
Q

what does the greater omentum do if you have a pathology (like a tumour) on something else in the abdomen like a kidney?

A

it will wrap around the infected organ to protect all the other organs from whatever the pathology is

55
Q

why is it hard to find the greater omentum in elderly cadaveurs?

A

because the greater omentum has shifted to one side or the other to envelop the pathology
- elders typically have many issues with their digestive systems

KINE2031: Human Anatomy (34 decks)

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