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KINE2031: Human Anatomy > Module 3C: Upper Appendicular Skeleton > Flashcards

Module 3C: Upper Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

how many bones are there in the appendicular skeleton?

A

126 bones

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2
Q

what is included in the appendicular skeleton?

A

UPPER:
- pectoral/shoulder girdle
- upper limbs
LOWER:
- pelvic girdle
- lower limbs

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3
Q

what is a girdle?

A

a belt-like structure encircling the body

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4
Q

what is the pectoral/clavicle girdle made up of?

A

the clavicle (collarbone) and the scapula (shoulder blade)

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5
Q

is there one or two shoulder girdles in our body?

A

there is a pair of shoulder girdles because there is a left and a right

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6
Q

what does the shoulder girdle do?

A

attaches the upper limbs to the body and also provides lots of points for attachment of muscles in the area

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7
Q

why is the shoulder girdle not attached posteriorly?

A

to allow for a lot of movement in the upper limbs

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8
Q

what is the clavicle attached to?

A

the manubrium and the scapula

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9
Q

when is the clavicle most anterior and when is it most posterior?

A

most anterior at the midline and most posterior at shoulder

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10
Q

the clavicle looks like an ā€˜Sā€™ from which view?

A

inferior
backwards S for superior view

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11
Q

what are the two ends of the clavicle?

A
  1. sternal (medial) end; connects to sternum - somewhat quadrangular shaped
  2. acromial (lateral) end; connects to the acromion on the scapula - relatively flat shaped (she says this but on the picture she shows us, the other side looks more flat so idk)
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12
Q

where is the clavicle most prone to injury?

A

1/3 from the lateral side, where the bend is
- most weak because of the change in direction

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13
Q

what is the conoid tubercle (on clavicle)?

A

the attachment point for the coracoclavicular ligament that attaches to the clavicle to the coronoid process of the scapula
- on the inferior lateral end of the clavicle

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14
Q

what is the trapezoid line on a clavicle?

A
  • on the inferior lateral end
  • attachment point of the trapezoid ligament which is part of the coracoclavicular ligament
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15
Q

what is the costoclavicular ligament impression?

A
  • on the inferior medial end of a clavicle
  • an attachment point of the costoclavicular ligament
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16
Q

where does the scapula articulate with the humerus?

A

at the glenohumeral joint

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17
Q

where does the scapula articulate with the clavicle?

A

at the acromioclavicular joint

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18
Q

what joints connect the upper limbs to the trunk?

A

the glenohumeral and acromioclavicular joints

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19
Q

what are the 17 parts of the scapula we are going to cover?

A
  • 2 joints
  • 3 processes
  • 2 angles
  • 3 borders
  • 3 fossa
  • 1 notch
  • 1 cavity
  • 2 tubercles
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20
Q

what makes up most of the anterior surface of the scapula?

A

the subscapular fossa
- it will also touch the ribs on your back

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21
Q

what are the two joints of the scapula?

A
  1. the acromioclavicular joint
  2. the glenohumeral joint
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22
Q

what are the 3 processes of the scapula?

A
  1. acromion
  2. coracoid process
  3. spine (spinous process)
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23
Q

what are the 2 angles of the scapula?

A
  1. superior angle
  2. inferior angle
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24
Q

what are the 3 borders of the scapula?

A
  1. lateral (axillary) border
  2. medial (vertebral) border
  3. superior border
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25
Q

what are the 3 fossa of the scapula?

A
  1. subscapular fossa
  2. supraspinous fossa
  3. infraspinous fossa
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26
Q

what is the notch of the scapula?

A

scapular (super scapular) notch

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27
Q

what is the cavity of the scapula?

A

glenoid cavity

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28
Q

what are the 2 tubercles of the scapula?

A
  1. supraglenoid tubercle
  2. infraglenoid (below glenoid) tubercle
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29
Q

what is the glenoid cavity?

A

the cavity in the scapula that is going to have the articulation between the humerus and the scapula

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30
Q

what is the supraglenoid tubercle?

A

serves as an attachment point for the long head of the bicep brachii muscle

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31
Q

what is the infraglenoid tubercle?

A

serves as an attachment point for the long head of the tricep of the brachii muscles

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32
Q

what is the supraspinous fossa?

A
  • fossa above the spine
  • for muscle attachment
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33
Q

what is the infraspinous fossa?

A
  • fossa below the spine
  • for muscle attachment
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34
Q

what is the superior and inferior angles of the scapula?

A

marks the top and bottom part of scapula

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35
Q

where is the glenoid cavity?

A

on the scapula
- inferior to the coracoid process of the scapula

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36
Q

where is the acromion of the scapula?

A

kind of the head part of the spinous process

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37
Q

how many bones are in the upper limb?

A

30 bones, most are in the wrist and hands

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38
Q

what is the ā€˜armā€™?

A

the shoulder to the elbow

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39
Q

what is the ā€˜forearmā€™?

A

the elbow to wrist

40
Q

what is the upperlimb?

A

all together:
- the arm
- the forearm
- the wrist
- the hand

41
Q

what bone is your arm?

A

the humerus

42
Q

where does the humerus articulate with the scapula?

A

the head of the humerus attaches to the glenoid cavity

43
Q

why is the head of the humerus larger than the glenoid cavity (which is where it attaches to the scapula)?

A

the allow for a large range of motion

44
Q

what is the anatomical neck of the humerus?

A

immediately distal to the head of the humerus
- a very short, narrow constriction
- lies between the head and the greater and lesser tubercles

45
Q

where is the surgical neck of the humerus?

A
  • oriented in the horizonal plane between the expanded proximal part of it and the narrower shaft
  • the part immediately distal to all the bumps on the proximal humerus
  • tendency to fracture; can be very dangerous because of the nerve and blood vessels that run immediately around this area
46
Q

what is the greater tuberacle?

A

a proximal, lateral bump that we can see anteriorly and posteriorly of the humerus
- has three large facets for tendon attachment of rotator cuff muscles

47
Q

what is the superior facet of the greater tubercle for?

A

supraspinatus muscle

48
Q

what is the middle facet of the greater tubercle for?

A

infraspinatus muscle

48
Q
A
49
Q

what is the lesser tubercle?

A

only seen proximally, anteriorly on the humerus
- most medial tubercle on the humerus
- serves for muscle attachment (subscapularis muscle)

50
Q

what is the intertubercular sulcus (groove)?

A

on the proximal, anterior humerus
- lies between the two tubercles
- also called the bicipital sulcus or the bicipital groove
- separates the greater and less tubercles
- continues inferiorly on the proximal shaft of the humerus
- the long head of the bicep brachii muscle tendon will pass through the sulcus

51
Q

what is the radial groove?

A

has the radial nerve and deep brachial artery running in the area
- on the long part of the humerus

52
Q

what is the deltoid tuberosity?

A

on the humerus
- a bump about halfway down the shaft of the humerus, on the lateral surface or border
- for insertion of the deltoid muscle

53
Q

is there a body for the humerus?

A

yes, its called the shaft

54
Q

what happens at the distal end of the humerus?

A
  • ulna and radius meet the humerus at the joint here
55
Q

what is the coronoid fossa on the humerus?

A

anterior, distal aspect of the humerus
- interacts with the coronoid on the ulna

56
Q

what is the radial fossa on the humerus?

A

anterior, distal aspect of the humerus
- interacts with the head of the radius

57
Q

what is the olecranon fossa on the humerus?

A

posterior, distal aspect of the humerus
- interacts with the olecranon on the ulna
- a depression in the bone

58
Q

what is the trochlea on the humerus?

A
  • medial. anterior distal on the humerus
  • articulates with the ulna
  • a pulley shape that extends onto the posterior surface unlike the capitulum
59
Q

what is the capitulum on the humerus?

A
  • lateral, anterior, distal on the humerus
  • articulates with the radius
  • hemispherical in shape
60
Q

what are the articular points on the chondyle?

A

the trochlea and the capitulum

61
Q

what is the medial epicondyle?

A

medial, distal humerus
- adjacent and superior to the trochlea
- major palpable landmark on the medial side of the elbow
- a large oval impression for attachments of anterior compartment muscles (the common flexor tendon of the forearm)
- ulnar nerve passes around the posterior surface of the condyle, moving from the arm into the forearm

62
Q

what is the lateral epicondyle?

A
  • large, irregular impression for posterior compartment muscles to attach to (the common extensor tendons of the forearm)
63
Q

what is the forearm made up of?

A

two bones
1. radius
2. ulna

64
Q

which side of your forearm is your radius on?

A

the thumb side

65
Q

which side of your forearm is your ulna on?

A

medial when standing in anatomical position

66
Q

what forms most of the elbow joint with the humerus?

A

the ulna

67
Q

what is the olecranon?

A

most proximal on the ulna
- large bump on the back of ulna
- fits in the olecranon fossa of the humerus during extension

68
Q

what is the coronoid process of the ulna??

A

bump on the front of the ulna
- fits in the coronoid fossa of the humerus during flexion

69
Q

how does the ulna articulate with the trochlea of the humerus?

A

via the trochlear notch
- the ā€œCā€ shape of the olecranon
- allows for hinge movement at the elbow joint (flexion and extension)

70
Q

what is the radial notch for?

A

on the ulna, for articulation with the radius

71
Q

what is the ulnar tuberosity for?

A

the insertion of the brachialis muscle on the proximal end of the ulna

72
Q

where is the head of the ulna?

A

at the distal end

73
Q

where is the ulnar styloid process?

A

very medial, distal of the ulna
- we can feel it at our wrist

74
Q

where is the head of the radius?

A

at the proximal end

75
Q

what is the head of the radius for?

A

it articulates with the capitulum of the humerus
- in a broad, open joint

76
Q

where is the neck of the radius?

A

inferior to the head of the radius

77
Q

what is the radial tuberosity?

A

a bump on the radius near the proximal end for muscle attachment
- lies more medially

78
Q

what is the ulnar notch?

A

on the distal radius, for the articulation with the ulna

79
Q

what is the radial styloid process?

A

a raised rough bump on the radius at the distal end on the lateral side
- for muscle attachment

80
Q

ulna articulates with __________ of humerus.

A

trochlea

81
Q

radius head articulates with _________ of humerus.

A

capitulum

82
Q

what joints allow for the rotation of forearm?

A

the ulna-radius joints allow for pronation-supination

83
Q

what is the proximal radioulnar joint?

A
  • between ulna and radius at proximal end
  • loose
  • rotates at top so radius can cross over ulna
84
Q

what is the distal radioulnar joint?

A
  • between ulna and radius at distal end
  • head of radius cross over
85
Q

how many bones does your wrist have?

A

eight; they are called carpals

86
Q

how are the carpals named?

A

starting at the thumb-palm side (radius, anterior)

87
Q

what is the names of the proximal carpals?

A
  1. scaphoid (thumb side)
  2. lunate
  3. triquetrum
  4. pisiform (pinky side; also articulates to the pink)
88
Q

what is the names of the distal carpals?

A
  1. trapezium (thumb side)
  2. trapezoid
  3. capitate
  4. hamate (articulates to 4th metacarpal)
89
Q

what meets at the wrist joints?

A

where the radius/ulna meet carpals

90
Q

what does the metacarpals make up?

A

the closed part of the hand

91
Q

the numbering of the metacarpals starts where?

A

the thumb
(I, II, III, IV, V)

92
Q

all five metacarpals, per hand, have three parts. what are they? (this is NOT asking about the phalanges)

A
  1. base (most proximal)
  2. shaft (middle)
  3. head (most distal)
93
Q

what are our fingers called?

A

Digits
- three parts of fingers are called phalanges (plural) or phalanx (single)

94
Q

what does the naming and numbering start with on the phalanges?

A

the thumb
- call them 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 digits

95
Q

true or false: all digits have a proximal, middle and distal phalanx.

A

false. each digit has a proximal and distal phalanx, but only digits 2-5 have a middle phalanx

96
Q

what would you call, the very very end of your pinky?

A

the distal phalanx of digit 5 of the hand

KINE2031: Human Anatomy (34 decks)

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