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KINE2031: Human Anatomy > Reproductive/Genital System Part 1 - Male > Flashcards

Reproductive/Genital System Part 1 - Male Flashcards

1
Q

where is the pubic symphysis in relation to the urinary bladder?

A

anterior

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2
Q

what are the testis?

A

the male gonads
- where sperm and testosterone is produced

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3
Q

what type of gland is a testis?

A

accessory endocrine glands because they produce hormones that are released into the blood stream

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4
Q

what are the two testis held in?

A

a double-layered sac that is external to the body called the scrotum

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5
Q

what muscle is in the walls of the scrotum?

A

smooth muscles

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6
Q

what is the job of the scrotum?

A

to provide temperature control for the developing sperm

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7
Q

how is the core body temperature in relation to optimal sperm production temperature?

A

core body temperature is a little bit too warm by a couple degrees for optimal sperm temperature

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8
Q

why are the testis kept external to the core of the body?

A

because the core of the body is a bit too warm for optimal sperm production temperature

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9
Q

why is the smooth muscle in the wall of the scrotum?

A

so that if the external environment is quite cold, the smooth muscle can pull the scrotum up closer to the core of the body to maintain a warmer temperature
- or if its warmer - the scrotum will relax further to get further from the core

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10
Q

what is the epididymis?

A

a c-shaped structure around the testis

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11
Q

where does sperm mature?

A

epididymis

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12
Q

where does sperm go once it matures?

A

up the ductus deferens, over the pubic symphysis, over the top of the urinary bladder and comes down the posterior of the bladder and connect to a bunch of other structures to add fluid and nutrients and other things that sperm needs

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13
Q

where is the root of the penis?

A

inside the body

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14
Q

about how much of the penis is inside the body?

A

about half

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15
Q

where is the body of the penis?

A

on the outside of the body

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16
Q

what joins at the urethra in the male reproductive system?

A

the reproductive and urinary systems
- take the same exit in the body

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17
Q

how long does it take before a sperm is capable of traveling towards an ovum in a female and performing fertilization?

A

several months

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18
Q

where is sperm first developed?

A

seminiferous tubule

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19
Q

after sperm is developed in the seminiferous tubule, where does it travel through?

A

straight tubules into the rete testis which is some mix of tubules in the center of the testis

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20
Q

from the rete testis, where does sperm travel through?

A

tubes called the efferent duct which lead into the epididymis

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21
Q

how long does sperm take to mature?

A

two to three months

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22
Q

where does sperm mature mostly?

A

in the epididymis

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23
Q

what does ejaculate mean?

A

expelling sperm from the penis

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24
Q

after spending months in the epididymis maturing, where does the sperm go?

A

it will travel up the ductus (vas) deferens back up into the body

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25
Q

the ductus deferens travels up towards the body through?

A

the spermatic cord

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26
Q

how many layers do the testis have around them?

A

several layers of protection of smooth muscle and fascia and peritoneum

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27
Q

where does the spermatic cord run from?

A

from the inferior of the scrotum right back up into the body

28
Q

what does the spermatic cord carry?

A
  • the ductus deferens
  • lymphatic vessels
  • nerves
  • veins
  • arteries
29
Q

where does the spermatic cord take the ductus deferens?

A

back up into the abdomen

30
Q

where is the ductus deferens in relation to the urinary bladder?

A

ductus deferens loops over it, sort of laterally and come right to the back of the urinary bladder and start to join with other structures

31
Q

our ductus deferens widens as it gets to the back of the bladder. what is that area called?

A

the ampulla of the ductus deferens

32
Q

what does the ampulla of the ductus deferens connect to?

A

the seminal vesicle

33
Q

what is formed when the ampulla of the ductus deferens connects with the seminal vesicle?

A

they form the ejaculatory duct

34
Q

what does the seminal vesicles produce?

A

fluid that contains nutrients that will be added to the sperm

35
Q

when sperm is released from the penis, it is released as?

A

ejaculate
- not just sperm on its own
- has a lot of fluid
- has a lot of nutrients

36
Q

why does ejaculate have lots of nutrients?

A

because sperm needs to last several days to make it all the way into the female uterus or uterine tube

37
Q

the ejaculatory duct pierces through what?

A

the wall of the prostate gland

38
Q

where does the ejaculatory duct empty into?

A

the very beginning of the male urethra

39
Q

the very beginning of the male urethra is called?

A

the prostatic urethra

40
Q

how many sections are there of the male urethra?

A

three

41
Q

what are the three sections of the male urethra?

A
  1. prostatic urethra
  2. intermediate (membranous) urethra
  3. spongy (penile) urethra
42
Q

the duct from the urinary bladder of a male connects with? what does it form?

A

the ejaculatory duct and forms the prostatic urethra

43
Q

do we have smooth muscle sphincters to close both the ejaculatory duct and the urinary duct/urethra?

A

yes

44
Q

what does the prostate gland do?

A

add more fluid and nutrients to the sperm (ejaculate)

45
Q

where does the prostatic urethra turn into the intermediate (membranous) urethra?

A

just inferior to the prostate

46
Q

where does the intermediate (membranous) urethra turn into the spongy (penile) urethra?

A

at the root of the penis

47
Q

which section of the male urethra is the shortest?

A

intermediate (membranous) urethra

48
Q

what is the main thing happening at the intermediate (membranous) urethra?

A

we have a couple more glands that are going to add more fluid to the sperm

49
Q

which glands are going to add more fluid to the sperm in the intermediate (membranous) urethra?

A

the bulbourethral glands

50
Q

where are the bulbourethral glands?

A

just inferior to the prostate at the level of the intermediate (membranous) urethra

51
Q

what does the bulbourethral glands produce?

A

a fluid that is added regularly into the urethra whether we ejaculate or not
- used to lubricate the urethra and cleanse it of urine

52
Q

which section of the urethra is the longest?

A

the spongy (penile) urethra

53
Q

which structure of the penis is internal to the body?

A

the root

54
Q

what is the most posterior and medial aspect of the root of the penis?

A

bulb of penis which is at the root

55
Q

what is the lateral and anterior root of the penis called?

A
  • the crura (pleural)
  • the crus (singular)
56
Q

what is the bulb and crura of the penis made up of?

A

erectile tissue

57
Q

the erectile tissue of the bulb of the penis connects to?

A

the pelvis floor muscles

58
Q

what is perineum?

A

muscles in the pelvic floor

59
Q

where does the crura of the penis attach to?

A

right to the inside of the pubic bones

60
Q

what does the bulb of the penis become when it gets further down to the body of the penis?

A

the corpus spongiosum penis

61
Q

which section of the penis has the urethra travelled through?

A

the bulb of the penis and then the corpus spongiosum

62
Q

what is the glans penis an extension of?

A

the corpus spongiosum

63
Q

what does the crura of the penis turn into once it gets external to the body?

A

corpora cavernosa (two of them)

64
Q

what causes the areas of the body of the penis to fill with blood?

A

the sympathetic nervous system during sexual arousal

65
Q

what causes erection of the penis?

A

the sympathetic nervous system filling the body of the penis with blood during sexual arousal

66
Q

what happens to the penis when and because it is full of blood?

A

it gets hard and lifts

KINE2031: Human Anatomy (34 decks)

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