Reproductive/Genital System Part 1 - Male Flashcards
where is the pubic symphysis in relation to the urinary bladder?
anterior
what are the testis?
the male gonads
- where sperm and testosterone is produced
what type of gland is a testis?
accessory endocrine glands because they produce hormones that are released into the blood stream
what are the two testis held in?
a double-layered sac that is external to the body called the scrotum
what muscle is in the walls of the scrotum?
smooth muscles
what is the job of the scrotum?
to provide temperature control for the developing sperm
how is the core body temperature in relation to optimal sperm production temperature?
core body temperature is a little bit too warm by a couple degrees for optimal sperm temperature
why are the testis kept external to the core of the body?
because the core of the body is a bit too warm for optimal sperm production temperature
why is the smooth muscle in the wall of the scrotum?
so that if the external environment is quite cold, the smooth muscle can pull the scrotum up closer to the core of the body to maintain a warmer temperature
- or if its warmer - the scrotum will relax further to get further from the core
what is the epididymis?
a c-shaped structure around the testis
where does sperm mature?
epididymis
where does sperm go once it matures?
up the ductus deferens, over the pubic symphysis, over the top of the urinary bladder and comes down the posterior of the bladder and connect to a bunch of other structures to add fluid and nutrients and other things that sperm needs
where is the root of the penis?
inside the body
about how much of the penis is inside the body?
about half
where is the body of the penis?
on the outside of the body
what joins at the urethra in the male reproductive system?
the reproductive and urinary systems
- take the same exit in the body
how long does it take before a sperm is capable of traveling towards an ovum in a female and performing fertilization?
several months
where is sperm first developed?
seminiferous tubule
after sperm is developed in the seminiferous tubule, where does it travel through?
straight tubules into the rete testis which is some mix of tubules in the center of the testis
from the rete testis, where does sperm travel through?
tubes called the efferent duct which lead into the epididymis
how long does sperm take to mature?
two to three months
where does sperm mature mostly?
in the epididymis
what does ejaculate mean?
expelling sperm from the penis
after spending months in the epididymis maturing, where does the sperm go?
it will travel up the ductus (vas) deferens back up into the body
the ductus deferens travels up towards the body through?
the spermatic cord
how many layers do the testis have around them?
several layers of protection of smooth muscle and fascia and peritoneum
where does the spermatic cord run from?
from the inferior of the scrotum right back up into the body
what does the spermatic cord carry?
- the ductus deferens
- lymphatic vessels
- nerves
- veins
- arteries
where does the spermatic cord take the ductus deferens?
back up into the abdomen
where is the ductus deferens in relation to the urinary bladder?
ductus deferens loops over it, sort of laterally and come right to the back of the urinary bladder and start to join with other structures
our ductus deferens widens as it gets to the back of the bladder. what is that area called?
the ampulla of the ductus deferens
what does the ampulla of the ductus deferens connect to?
the seminal vesicle
what is formed when the ampulla of the ductus deferens connects with the seminal vesicle?
they form the ejaculatory duct
what does the seminal vesicles produce?
fluid that contains nutrients that will be added to the sperm
when sperm is released from the penis, it is released as?
ejaculate
- not just sperm on its own
- has a lot of fluid
- has a lot of nutrients
why does ejaculate have lots of nutrients?
because sperm needs to last several days to make it all the way into the female uterus or uterine tube
the ejaculatory duct pierces through what?
the wall of the prostate gland
where does the ejaculatory duct empty into?
the very beginning of the male urethra
the very beginning of the male urethra is called?
the prostatic urethra
how many sections are there of the male urethra?
three
what are the three sections of the male urethra?
- prostatic urethra
- intermediate (membranous) urethra
- spongy (penile) urethra
the duct from the urinary bladder of a male connects with? what does it form?
the ejaculatory duct and forms the prostatic urethra
do we have smooth muscle sphincters to close both the ejaculatory duct and the urinary duct/urethra?
yes
what does the prostate gland do?
add more fluid and nutrients to the sperm (ejaculate)
where does the prostatic urethra turn into the intermediate (membranous) urethra?
just inferior to the prostate
where does the intermediate (membranous) urethra turn into the spongy (penile) urethra?
at the root of the penis
which section of the male urethra is the shortest?
intermediate (membranous) urethra
what is the main thing happening at the intermediate (membranous) urethra?
we have a couple more glands that are going to add more fluid to the sperm
which glands are going to add more fluid to the sperm in the intermediate (membranous) urethra?
the bulbourethral glands
where are the bulbourethral glands?
just inferior to the prostate at the level of the intermediate (membranous) urethra
what does the bulbourethral glands produce?
a fluid that is added regularly into the urethra whether we ejaculate or not
- used to lubricate the urethra and cleanse it of urine
which section of the urethra is the longest?
the spongy (penile) urethra
which structure of the penis is internal to the body?
the root
what is the most posterior and medial aspect of the root of the penis?
bulb of penis which is at the root
what is the lateral and anterior root of the penis called?
- the crura (pleural)
- the crus (singular)
what is the bulb and crura of the penis made up of?
erectile tissue
the erectile tissue of the bulb of the penis connects to?
the pelvis floor muscles
what is perineum?
muscles in the pelvic floor
where does the crura of the penis attach to?
right to the inside of the pubic bones
what does the bulb of the penis become when it gets further down to the body of the penis?
the corpus spongiosum penis
which section of the penis has the urethra travelled through?
the bulb of the penis and then the corpus spongiosum
what is the glans penis an extension of?
the corpus spongiosum
what does the crura of the penis turn into once it gets external to the body?
corpora cavernosa (two of them)
what causes the areas of the body of the penis to fill with blood?
the sympathetic nervous system during sexual arousal
what causes erection of the penis?
the sympathetic nervous system filling the body of the penis with blood during sexual arousal
what happens to the penis when and because it is full of blood?
it gets hard and lifts
