Nervous System Part 6 - Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

why is the ANS sometimes referred to as the visceral nervous system?

Answer 1

because it has affects on the organs

Question 2

what is included in the visceral sensory aspect of the nervous system?

Answer 2

sensory neurons bringing feedback to the brain and spinal cord about functions of the subconscious body

Question 3

what is included in the visceral motor aspect of the nervous system?

Answer 3

will go to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands of the body and tell them what to do in response

Question 4

visceral sensory information will be coming in towards the ____________.

Answer 4

spinal cord
- just like somatic sensory information would

Question 5

motor information in the autonomic system will be leaving the __________.

Answer 5

spinal cord
- same way as somatic motor information

Question 6

true or false: in the somatic nervous system, a single neuron can begin in the spinal cord and travel all the way to its effector/destination.

Answer 6

true

Question 7

true or false: in the autonomic nervous system, a single neuron can begin in the spinal cord and travel all the way to its effector/destination.

Answer 7

false
- there is always going to be at least two neurons involved in a motor signal

Question 8

what are the two neurons of the motor signal of the autonomic nervous system called?

Answer 8

preganglionic neuron and the postganglionic neuron

Question 9

which ganglionic neuron of the motor signal of the ANS is not myelinated?

Answer 9

the postganglionic neuron

Question 10

what is the most common way that we can pass a signal from a preganglionic to a postganglionic neuron?

Answer 10

in a ganglion

Question 11

what is a ganglia?

Answer 11

a place full of cell body
- autonomic cell bodies in the PNS that are waiting for a signal from a preganglionic neuron to carry away

Question 12

what is the way that the ANS can carry motor information without the use of two neurons?

Answer 12

through the adrenal gland

Question 13

what type of gland is the adrenal gland?

Answer 13

an endocrine (makes hormones)

Question 14

how will neurons pass motor information through the adrenal gland?

Answer 14

the preganglionic neuron will go to the adrenal gland and pass its signal to cells in the adrenal gland that will then release specific hormones and other chemicals like epinephrine and norepinephrine which will then go into the blood and exert the affect onto the body

Question 15

what would the parasympethtic and sympathetic neurons do in the heart?

Answer 15

• sympathetic will cause heart rate to speed up
• parasympathetic will cause heart rate to slow down

Question 16

how do blood vessels work (specifically arteries)?

Answer 16

a sympathetic motor signal would tell them to constrict if we want to minimize blood flow to a specific area of the body
- then, when the sympathetic signal stops, the blood vessel will automatically dilate back to its original size

Question 17

do we need a parasympathetic signal to tell the arteries to dilate?

Answer 17

no. we just been to turn off the sympathetic signal

Question 18

what are the two things of our ANS that are more of an ON/OFF situation rather than a spectrum when it comes to the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems?

Answer 18

blood vessels and sweat glands

Question 19

how do our sweat glands work?

Answer 19

a sympathetic motor signal would tell our sweat glands to secrete sweat and as soon as the sympathetic signal stops, you stop secreting sweat
- you do not need a parasympathetic signal to tell it to stop

Question 20

where do our parasympathetic motor signals come from?

Answer 20

• four cranial nerves
  
  • (3) oculomotor
  • (7) facial
  • (9) glossopharyngeal
  • (10) vagus
• S2-S4 segments of spinal cord

Question 21

what is cranial nerve 10, vagus, very important for?

Answer 21

resting functions in our thoracic and abdominal organs

Question 22

which division of the ANS is the ‘rest and digest’?

Answer 22

parasympathetic

• slows things down

Question 23

which division of the ANS is the ‘fight-or-flight

Answer 23

sympathetic

• fastens things up

Question 24

the sacral parasympathetic segments are going to be responsible for?

Answer 24

things in the pelvic region
ex. pelvic viscera (reproductive and urinary organs)

Question 25

where do our sympathetic motor signals come from?

Answer 25

between T1 and L2 of the spinal nerves