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KINE2031: Human Anatomy > Respiratory System Part 1 - Nasal, Oral, Pharynx > Flashcards

Respiratory System Part 1 - Nasal, Oral, Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

what is our respiratory system responsible for?

A

bringing atmospheric oxygen to our tissues and removing byproducts of respiration (carbon dioxide)

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2
Q

what two components can we divide the respiratory system into?

A

upper and lower respiratory system

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3
Q

what does the upper respiratory system consist of?

A
  • the nasal cavity
  • pharynx (throat)
  • the oral cavity
  • upper larynx (above vocal folds
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4
Q

what does the lower respiratory system consist of?

A
  • lower larynx
  • trachea
  • bronchi
  • bronchioles
  • lungs
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5
Q

what are the two areas of the body for inhaled air?

A
  • nasal cavity
  • oral cavity
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6
Q

the nasal cavity is divided in half, by what?

A
  • the nasal septum
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7
Q

the part of the nose that projects off of the face is made of?

A

cartilage

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8
Q

what are the nasal concha?

A

three bones on each side of the nasal cavity

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9
Q

what are the three nasal cochas?

A
  • superior nasal concha
  • middle nasal concha
  • inferior nasal concha
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10
Q

what are the the superior and middle nasal concha made of?

A

ethmoid bone

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11
Q

what is the inferior nasal concha made of?

A

it is its own bone

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12
Q

what does the nasal conchae do?

A

create spaces in the nasal cavity

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13
Q

what is between/beneath each of the conchae?

A

a little groove/space
- called nasal meatuses

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14
Q

what is the benefit of the nasal meatuses?

A

having a nasal conchae with a nasal meatus underneath will increase the surface area in the nasal cavity

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15
Q

what is having a higher surface area/wall space of the nasal important?

A

because there is a mucous membrane covering all long the walls, having an increased surface area means that there is a better chance of a foreign particle or the cold air hitting a wall so that it can heat and humidify the air or trap the foreign particle

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16
Q

what is the respiratory system covered in?

A

a mucous membrane

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17
Q

what does the mucous membrane of the respiratory system do?

A
  • helps to trap foreign particles
  • help to humidify/moisten and warm the incoming air
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18
Q

how can we control where something goes in our system?

A

by trapping it in mucous

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19
Q

your body is more equipped to deal with foreign things in the _________ than the ____________.

A
  • digestive system
  • small spaces of your lungs when oxygen and carbon dioxide are in constant movement
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20
Q

why do we want to moisten and warm incoming air?

A

because once we get into the throat/pharynx, the cells in the wall cannot handle the cold, dry, incoming air very well. it will aggravate and cause pain

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21
Q

what is tucked into the nasal meatuses of the nasal concha?

A

olfactory receptors ( found in some other places as well but mainly there )

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22
Q

what do olfactory receptors do in the nasal meatuses?

A

essentially smell particles

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23
Q

what are olfactory receptors connected to?

A

cranial nerve one (olfactory nerve) which then takes the scent to the brain to tell you what you are smelling

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24
Q

where does air go once it is breathed in?

A

swirls around in the nasal cavity and the goes posteriorly towards the pharynx/throat

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25
Q

why might air get looped around in the nasal cavity a few times before going to the pharnyx?

A

because of the nasal conchae
- this is GOOD so that we make sure we trap the foreign particles in the mucous membrane

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26
Q

what are the three parts of the pharynx?

A
  1. nasopharynx
  2. oropharynx
  3. laryngopharynx
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27
Q

where is the nasopharynx?

A

posterior to the nasal cavity

28
Q

where is the oropharynx

A

posterior to the oral cavity

29
Q

where is the laryngopharynx?

A

posterior to the larynx

30
Q

where is the oral cavity with in relation to the nasal cavity?

A

inferiorly

31
Q

what takes up most of the oral cavity?

A

the tongue

32
Q

what divides the nasal and oral cavity?

A

the palate

33
Q

what are the two components of the palate?

A
  • the hard palate (anterior)
  • soft palate (posterior)
34
Q

what is the hard palate made up of?

A

two bones
- maxilla
- palatine bones

35
Q

what is the soft palate made up of?

A
  • smooth muscle
36
Q

what is the division of the laryngophara\ynx as you go inferiorly?

A
  • anteriorly: larynx/voice box going down towards the lungs
  • posteriorly: esophagus and into the digestive system
37
Q

where is sound produced?

A

the larynx

38
Q

what is the larynx?

A

a muscular tube with smooth muscles in the walls
- shared space between the respiratory system and the digestive system

39
Q

when do we decide if whatever came into our mouth and nose is going to go towards the lungs or down towards the stomach and digestive system?

A

in the laryngopharynx

40
Q

where is the auditory tube/eustachian tube?

A

in the nasopharynx

41
Q

what does the auditory tube connect?

A

the nasal pharynx to the middle ear

42
Q

what is the job of the auditory tube?

A

help equalize air pressure across the eardrum

43
Q

what is the eardrum?

A

a thin membrane within the ear

44
Q

what do we do if we need to equalize air pressure on either side of the eardrum?

A

we open the auditory tube
- it will open on its own but we are able to speed up the process by moving the structures around it

45
Q

what system are tonsils apart of?

A

the lymphatic system

46
Q

what does the tonsils do?

A

help protect the body from infections
- check incoming items to make sure there are not any foreign particles

47
Q

there are several sets of tonsils. what are they?

A
  • pharyngeal tonsils
  • palatine tonsils
  • lingual tonsils
48
Q

why do some people get inflammation from infections on the palatine tonsils and get them removed?

A
  • because they are so prone to infection and swelling of them
  • they are located in a place where incoming food and bacteria are very likely to hit it
49
Q

where does the soft palate drop?

A

at the bottom of the oral cavity, very posteriorly

50
Q

what is the uvula?

A

the back of the soft palate in the back of the throat

51
Q

when we are sick, we can see swelling on either side of the uvula. what is it?

A

the palatine tonsils

52
Q

why do the palatine tonsils swell?

A

because they are working hard to fight the infection

53
Q

when we swallow, what happens so that food does not go up into our noses?

A

the soft palate will lift to help cover the opening to the nasopharynx

54
Q

what is the area at the back of the soft palate (uvula) a separation/division of?

A
  • nasopharynx above
  • oropharynx below
55
Q

what divides the oropharynx and laryngopharanx?

A

the epiglottis

56
Q

what is the epiglottis?

A

a piece of cartilage that is part of the larynx

57
Q

what does the epiglottis do when we swallow?

A

goes down to cover the opening of the larynx so that we don’t choke. this way the food goes into the epiglottis and the digestive system

58
Q

what are paranasal sinuses?

A

openings within the skull/bones and located in bones that they are named after

59
Q

what are the four paranasal sinuses?

A
  • frontal
  • ethmoidal
  • sphenoidal
  • maxillary
60
Q

why do we have open spaces within the bones called paranasal sinuses?

A
  • they all connect directly to the nasal cavity to
61
Q

what are the paranasal sinuses covered in?

A

mucous membrane
- so they help with the humidifying, moistening and warming of inhaled air along with the nasal cavity

62
Q

what does having holes in the bones of the skull for the paranasal sinuses do?

A

decreases the weight of the skull which is beneficial for the bones in the cervical vertebral column because they are small and the skull and brain are heavy

63
Q

what are the paranasal sinuses for?

A
  • help to maintain intracranial pressure along with the nasal cavity
  • it gives an open space where extra air can go when there is a pressure change in the external environment
64
Q

when is the only time we notice our paranasal sinuses doing anything?

A

when we are sick
- this is because they are covering in mucous membrane so when you get an infection, the body automatically produces more mucous

65
Q

why does the body produce more mucous when we are sick?

A

because the body is thinking that we should trap the foreign invaders and get them out
- this is why our nose gets really stuffy and the sinuses feel stuffed and clogged and we get headaches right in the frontal and ethmoidal sinus area

66
Q

why do we get headaches in the frontal and ethmoidal sinus area when we are sick?

A

because there is so much mucous when you are sick that all of the areas have an increased pressure

KINE2031: Human Anatomy (34 decks)

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