Cardiovascular System Part 2 - Heart Flashcards
blood returning from the body’s cells (poorly oxygenated) will enter through?
the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava depending on where in the body it is coming from (above or below the heart)
where does the superior and inferior vena cava drain into?
the right atrium
what is between the left and right atrium?
a wall
- the atrial septum
which chambers are the more superior?
atria
which chambers are more inferior?
ventricles
where is the fossa ovalis?
in the medial right atrium
what does the fossa ovalis look like?
a thumb print in the atrial septum
what is the fossa ovalis?
a fetal remnant
what was the fossa ovalis for?
when you are a fetus, you do not get actual air into the lungs so the lungs aren’t doing their actual job so we don’t need the part of the heart that is transporting oxygen to the lungs so there is a hole where is fossa ovalis is to connect the right atrium to the left atrium directly because you can skip everything in the heart.
what is a fetal remnant?
a hole from being a fetus that closed when you are born
after the right atrium, where does blood go?
the right ventricle
what does blood travel through anytime it leaves a chamber of the heart?
travels through a valve
which valve is between the right atrium and ventricle?
tricuspid valve
- three cusps
which blood do we have on the right side of the heart?
deoxygenated
- its coming from the vena cava’s which came from the body
after the right ventricle, where does the blood go?
the pulmonary trunk
what does the pulmonary trunk split into?
the right and left pulmonary arteries
where do the right and left pulmonary arteries lead to?
a lung
- this is where our deoxygenated blood gets oxygenated
what type of blood does most of the arteries of the body carry?
oxygenated
- pulmonary arteries is deoxygenated blood though
what type of blood does most of the veins of the body carry?
deoxygenated
- pulmonary veins is oxygenated blood though
which valve do we go through when we leave the right ventricle to the pulmonary trunk?
pulmonary valve
when blood comes back from the lungs, what does it come back to the heart through?
the pulmonary veins
- oxygenated blood now
how many pulmonary veins do we have?
two on the left and two on the right
- four
where does our pulmonary veins drain into?
left atrium
- pulmonary veins bring oxygen rich blood from the lungs into the left atrium
what type of valves are the tricuspid and bicuspid valves?
atrioventricular valves
where does our oxygen rich blood go into after the left atrium?
the left ventricle
which valve connects the left atrium and left ventricle?
the bicuspid/mitral valve
why does the ventricles have more muscle in their walls than the atria? (ventricles have thick muscular walls full of cardiac muscle)
because the atria only have to dump blood (using gravity) into the next section/ventricle whereas the ventricle have to pump the blood away from the heart
where does the left ventricle have to pump blood out to?
the rest of the body
which ventricle has a much thicker and muscular wall?
left
- it needs to pump blood to the whole body (further) whereas the right only had to pump it to the blood
where does blood go when it leaves the left ventricle?
into the ascending aorta
which valve connecting the left ventricle and the ascending aorta?
the aortic valve
where does the blood go after the ascending aorta?
past the arch of the aorta into the descending aorta
what separates the two ventricles?
a wall called the interventricular septum
what are the two groups of valves?
- atrioventricular valves (tricuspid and bicuspid)
- semilunar valve (pulmonary and aortic)
why is it called a semilunar valve?
because of its shape
- the cusps each look like half moons
when do we see semilunar valves?
when we are leaving a ventricle
what are the very thin tenderness strips of the atrioventricular valves?
chordae tendineae
what does chordae tendineae attach?
the cusps of the valve to special muscles in the wall of the ventricles that are specific to the valves which are called papillary muscles
how are papillary muscles different than the muscle in the wall?
papillary muscle are responsible for helping to control the valves as opposed to pumping blood
what do we call the muscles in the walls of the heart ventricles that make the loopy shapes?
trabeculae carneae
what is the job of chordae tendineae and papillary muscles?
- when all the blood gets into the ventricle and sloshes around, it will push the valve closed and the job of the papillary muscles and chordae tendineae comes when the contraction of the ventricle occurs. the cardiac muscle will contract and force the blood out. so when this happens, the contraction pushes so hard against the valve that we need the papillary muscle and chordae tendineae to hold the valve closed to make sure the pressure will not force the valve open the other way
- essentially: hold the valve closed during ventricular contraction
how does the blood from the atrium go into the ventricle?
when the atria fills with blood, the pressure in the atria forces the valve open and the blood flows into the ventricle (passive action for valves)
what happens when blood sloshes back in the pulmonary and aortic valve?
it fills the cusps and closes the cusps
what happens when we get slosh back in the aortic valve that is different from the pulmonary valve?
we have two little arteries that come off the ascending aorta just above the aortic valve and take back the slosh back blood and put it into the arteries (left and right coronary arteries)
what are the right and left coronary arteries responsible for?
supplying oxygenated blood to the heart itself
how does the heart itself get its blood and nutrients and get rid of waste?
from the coronary arteries from slosh back blood of the aortic valves
what closes the cusps of the pulmonary and aortic valve?
the slosh back blood
what is the base of the heart?
flatter part on the back of the heart
- part that will sit on top of the diaphragm
what is the apex of the heart?
pointy bit at the bottom of the heart
what is the left and right auricle of the left and right atrium?
a flap of tissue on the external heart that is going to flop over the left and right coronary arteries to add some protection
how can you tell which chamber you are looking at from the external heart?
because you have major arteries that are surrounded by fat
- very easy to tell where the split is between the atrium and ventricle because you have fatty areas where the arteries and veins are being protected
where is the coronary sinus?
a big blue vein running between the left atria and the left ventricle along the posterior of the heart
what is the coronary arteries bringing?
blood with nutrients to the cells of the heart itself
if we have a coronary artery bringing in good nutrients, what else do we need?
a venous system to collect waste products from the cells of the heart
all of the little veins on the heart that are draining the cells of the heart and carrying waste products and deoxygenated blood are going to go where?
into the coronary sinus (a vein)
where does the coronary sinus open into?
the right atrium
what is a sulcus?
a groove in the heart that leaves space for a big artery or vein to sit in and then gets covered in fat for protection
what groove in the heart does the coronary sinus sit in?
the coronary sulcus
how many openings does the right atrium have?
three
- one for superior vena cava
- one for the inferior vena cava
- one for the coronary sulcus
where is the anterior interventricular sulcus?
on the anterior heart (looks a bit more to the left but its not)
- it is deep to the big artery and fat
why is it called the anterior interventricular sulcus?
because it runs between the ventricles on anterior surface of the heart
where is the posterior interventricular sulcus?
on the posterior heart (looks a bit more to the right but its not)
- it is deep the the big artery and fat
why is it called the posterior interventricular sulcus?
because it runs between the ventricles on posterior surface of the heart
what does systemic arteries mean?
arteries that are going out to the whole system/whole body
- carries oxygenated blood to all the cells of the body
where does the pulmonary arteries go?
to the lungs
what does the aorta branch into?
the aorta is huge
- it branches into smaller and smaller arteries and eventually into tiny capillaries that are very thin walled so that oxygen can move out into the cells and carbon dioxide and waste products can move into the blood and then those turn into small veins, and then bigger and bigger veins and move back to the heart
