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KINE2031: Human Anatomy > Module 4B: Axial Skeletal Muscles > Flashcards

Module 4B: Axial Skeletal Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

what do axial muscles attach to?

A

the axial skeleton
- some have their impact on limbs in the appendicular skeleton

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2
Q

what is the one large muscle on the neck?

A

the sternocleidomastoid

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3
Q

what is the origin of the sternocleidomastoid?

A
  • clavicle
  • sternum (point of manubrium)
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4
Q

what is the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid?

A

mastoid process of the temporal bone

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5
Q

what is the actions of the sternocleidomastoid?

A
  • lateral flexion of the head and neck
  • rotation of head
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6
Q

what contracts both the left and right sternocleidomastoid?

A

moving your head to your chin

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7
Q

what are the three muscles that comprise the erector spinae muscle group from medial to lateral? (trunk muscles)

A

medial: spinalis
- longissimus
lateral: iliocostalis

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8
Q

what are your postural/standing up muscles? (control movement of the vertebral coloumn)

A
  • spinalis
  • longissimus
  • iliocostalis
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9
Q

where is the origins of the erector spinae muscle group?

A
  • iliac crest
  • sacrum
  • lumbar and lower thoracic spinous processes
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10
Q

what is the insertions of the erector spinae muscle group?

A
  • ribs
  • transverse/spinous processes of cervical/thoracic vertebrae
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11
Q

what is the actions of the erector spinae muscle group?

A
  • back extension (if you contract the left and right group together)
  • lateral flexion of back (only one side contracts)
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12
Q

what are the thoracis and lumborum parts of the trunk muscles important for?

A

because they behave more regionally vs by the actual muscle

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13
Q

what are your pars lumborum?

A
  • iliocostalis lumborum
  • longissimus lumborum
  • spinalis lumborum
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14
Q

what are your pars thoracis?

A
  • iliocostalis thoracis
  • longissimus thoracis
  • spinalis thoracis
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15
Q

what are the differences between the pars thoracis vs pars lumborum?

A
  • have different lines of action
  • different lengths of tendons so they can act to support the trunk by keeping upright posture and resisting the forward movement of the trunk when you tip or bend your trunk forward
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16
Q

which portion of the trunk muscles have the greatest mechanical advantage? why?

A
  • the pars thoracis portions of the muscles
  • due to having the longest “moment arms”??? i cant understand what she said
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17
Q

when is the pars thoracis and pars lumborum system that supports the spine only functioning?

A

if you keep a neutral lordotic curve in your spine

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18
Q

where is the quadratus lumborum?

A
  • a deep trunk muscle (deep to the abdominal muscles that wrap around the torso as well as the erector spinae muscles)
  • squarish shape
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19
Q

what is the origin of the quadratus lumborum?

A

the iliac crest

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20
Q

what are the insertions of the quadratus lumborum?

A
  • inferior border of rib 12
  • L1-L4
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21
Q

what is the action of the quadratus lumborum?

A
  • lateral flexion of back (only if it contracted only on one side)
  • very strong muscle
  • back extension if both sides are contracted
  • will also help to stabilize the pelvis if the trunk is stationary
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22
Q

what does intercostal mean?

A

between ribs

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23
Q

what muscle group is the internal and external intercostals part of?

A

the thorax muscle

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24
Q

how many layers are there of intercostal muscles

A

three layers

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25
Q

where does the external intercostal muscles run?

A

external thorax
- run down, medial and forward from the rib to the rib below

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26
Q

where does the internal and innermost intercostals muscle run?

A

internal thorax
- they run up, medial and back from the rib below to the rib above

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27
Q

what muscles are involved in respiration?

A

the thorax muscles

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28
Q

what is the AIO of the external intercostals?

A

A- inspiration (acts lifts the ribs when you breath) (pulls up on the bottom rib to the top rib)
I - rib below
O- rib above

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29
Q

what is the AIO of the internal and the innermost intercostals?

A

A- expiration (act to lower ribs when you take a breath out) (when you contract muscles, you pull down on the top rib toward the bottom rib to help with expiration)
I- rib above
O- rib below

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30
Q

where is the diaphragm located?

A

at the bottom of the ribs, the bottom of the thorax

31
Q

what muscle is responsible for most of the action of breathing?

A

the diaphragm

32
Q

what is the origin of the diaphragm?

A
  • lumbar vertebrae
  • inferior ribs
  • xiphoid process
33
Q

what is the insertion of the diaphragm?

A
  • central tendon - its some big dome shaped structure that’s deep to the ribs
34
Q

what is the action of the diaphragm?

A
  • increases vertical dimensions of thorax (for inspiration)
35
Q

what sits on top of the diaphragm?

A

the lungs
- when we take a breath in, the diaphragm is contracting to pull down(moving towards it origin) so the lungs can fill with air

36
Q

contractions typically bring the _______ closer to the ________.

A

insertion closer to the origin

37
Q

what is medial to the external oblique?

A

the rectus abdominis

38
Q

what is deeper to the external oblique?

A

the internal oblique

39
Q

what is the deepest abdominal muscle?

A

the transversus abdominis

40
Q

what do the abdominal muscles perform?

A

trunk flexion

41
Q

what are the abdominal muscles antagonist to?

A

the erector spinae muscle group

42
Q

between the four abdominal muscles, what direction are the fibers moving in?

A

all directions

43
Q

the abdominal muscles support and protect?

A

support the trunk and protect your organs

44
Q

your external, internal oblique and transversus abdominis all attach to?

A

an aponeurosis
- a big broad tendon that is connective tissue that connects muscle to bone

45
Q

which muscle has a big tendon running down the middle and small little tendons running horizontally?

A

the rectus abdominis

46
Q
A
47
Q

what is the origin of the rectus abdominis?

A

pubis bone

48
Q

what is the insertion of the rectus abdominis?

A
  • xiphoid process
  • lower ribs
49
Q

what is the action of the rectus abdominis?

A
  • trunk flexion
  • increases intra-abdominal pressure.
50
Q

the rectus abdominis has divisions by what?

A

tendinous intersections

51
Q

why does the rectus abdominis have divisions by tendinous intersections?

A

for stability to the middle of the muscle but also stops the muscle from bowing so that the muscle produce greater force
- prevents the rectus abdominis from being torn apart due to hoop stresses
- they limit the bulk when you shorten the muscle and they permit lateral transmission of force from the oblique muscles to help make a continuous loop around the abdomen

  • tendinous intersections look a lot like ab lines!!!
52
Q

because of what is why the rectus abdominis stabilizes the pelvis during running or walking or when you raise your legs?

A

the origin on the pubis bone

53
Q

the rectus abdominis is deep to?

A

the external oblique

54
Q

do we have a 6 or an 8 pack?

A

an 8 pack (bottom two are the hardest to showcase)

55
Q

what direction does the fibers of the external oblique run in?

A

down and forward

56
Q

is the external oblique deep or superficial to the rectus abdominis?

A

external oblique is superficial to the rectus abdominis

57
Q

what is the origin of the external oblique?

A

outer surface of ribs

58
Q

what is the insertion of the external oblique?

A
  • linea alba
  • inguinal ligament
59
Q

what is the action of the external oblique?

A
  • trunk flexion (if both sides are contracted)
  • trunk lateral flexion (one side contracted)
  • trunk rotation (one side contracted)
  • increases intra-abdominal pressure (one side contracted)
60
Q

what runs vertically between the left and right rectus abdominis muscle?

A

the linea alba

61
Q

what runs along the perimeter of the rectus abdominis?

A

the inguinal ligament

62
Q

what direction does the fibers run in the internal oblique?

A

down and backwards

63
Q

where is the internal oblique in regards to the rectus abdominis muscle?

A

deep

64
Q

what is the origin of the internal oblique?

A
  • lumbar fascia (on back)
  • iliac crest
65
Q

what is the insertion of the internal oblique?

A
  • linea alba
  • lower ribs
66
Q

what is the action of the internal oblique?

A
  • trunk flexion (if both sides are contracted)
  • trunk lateral flexion (one side contracted)
  • trunk rotation (one side contracted)
  • increases intra-abdominal pressure (one side contracted)
67
Q

what is the deepest abdominal muscle?

A

the transversus abdominis

68
Q

how do the fibers of the transversus abdominis run?

A

horizontally

69
Q

what is the origin of the transversus abdominis?

A
  • lumber fascia (on the back)
  • iliac crest
  • inguinal ligament
70
Q

what is the insertion of the transversus abdominis?

A
  • linea alba
71
Q

what is the action of the transversus abdominis?

A
  • increases intra-abdominal pressure
72
Q

where is the inguinal ligament?

A

attaches to the superior anterior iliac crest and goes down to almost the pubis symphysis (tech stops at the superior ramus of the pubis)

73
Q

what is intra-abdominal pressure?

A
  • drawing in of the abdomen
  • squeezes and compresses the abdomen
  • compresses the abdominal contents which helps to keep your organs safe
  • provides postural support with the muscles of your back
  • it is an action for ALL your abdominal muscles
74
Q

can you strengthen your transversus abdominis alone?

A

no
- do not target this muscle alone
- instead: target exercises that are for all of the abdominal muscles together like planks

KINE2031: Human Anatomy (34 decks)

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