Reproductive/Genital System Part 2 - Female Flashcards
what is superior to the urinary bladder?
the uterus
what happens at the uterus?
where fetal development will occur if there is fertilization of an ovum by a sperm
what is lateral to the uterus?
ovaries
what are ovaries?
where ovum (egg) is produced that can be fertilized to make a fetus
where does the ovaries lead into?
the uterine/fallopian tube which will connect it to the uterus
where does the uterus open?
at the more posterior and inferior section
where the uterus opens is called the?
cervix
where does the cervix open into?
the vagina
where does the vagina open?
a little posterior to the external urethra orifice
if we move further posterior from the opening of the vagina, what do we get?
the anus
what is the top section of the anus called?
the fundus
what are the sections of the uterus?
- fundus
- body
- cervix (end)
what is the vagina?
a fibromuscular tube that connects the uterus to the outside of the body
does the uterus have thick or thin walls?
thick
why is the uterus lined with smooth muscle?
because we will need muscular contraction to push a baby out
what is on either side of the uterus?
an ovary
how are the ovaries connected to the uterus?
via the ovarian ligament
when an ovum is released from the ovary each month, where will the ovum travel to?
first into the fimbriae of uterine tube and then continue into the infundibulum of the uterine tube then through the rest of the uterine tube that leads towards the uterus
what are the fimbriae of uterine tube?
fingerlike structures on the uterine tube
what is the beginning of the uterine tube?
the infundibulum
where will fertilization of the ovum occur?
typically in the uterine tube
how long can the ovum spend in the uterine tube?
up to several days
after an ovum is fertilized in the uterine tube, where does it go?
into the uterus and then implant in the thick wall where the fetus will develop
what does homolog mean?
two structures came developmentally (in fetal development) from the same developmental structure and became something different when they differentiated sex
what is the ovary and homologue for?
the male testes
what is the female gonad?
the ovary
what does the ovary produce?
- the ovum
- hormones
which hormones does the ovary produce?
- estrogen
- progesterone
what holds the ovaries in place?
the ovarian ligament
what does the suspensory ligament connect?
connects the ovary to the side wall of the pelvis
- holds the ovaries up
what is the broad ligament?
a huge sheet of parietal peritoneum that loops over the bladder, uterus and all over the uterine tubes
- sort of drapes over everything
where does the broad ligament attach to?
the posterior abdominal wall
what is the external genitalia of a female usually called?
the vulva or the pudendum
the area where you find all the external genitalia of a female is called?
the vestibule
what is on either side of the vestibule of the vulva?
- labia minora
- labia majora - most lateral
what does labia minora form?
the boundaries/walls of the vestibule
what is the labia minora?
thin folds of skin
what is the labia minora a homologue of?
skin of the penis
what is lateral to the labia minora?
labia majora
what is the labia majora?
external folds of skin and connective tissue
what is the labia majora a homologue to?
male scrotum
what is the primary function of the labia majora and the scrotum?
protection of vestibule and its contents
where is the mons pubis?
anterior to the vestibule
what is the mons pubis?
a fatty tissue area that is anterior to the vestibule and is going to help with protection of the area
where is the clitoris?
anterior vestible
what is the clitoris?
erectile tissue
- contains a lot of blood vessels and becomes engorged with blood using sexual stimulation
what is a homologue of the clitoris?
the male penis
what is the external urethral orifice?
the opening of the urethra travelling down from the urinary bladder
where is the external urethral orifice?
posterior to the clitoris
where is the vaginal orifice?
posterior to the external urethral orifice
what is the vaginal origice?
the opening of the vagina
when you are first born, what is the vagina covered with?
a very thin membrane called the hymen
when is the hymen broken?
in the first sextual experience
what is the perineum?
a diamond shaped area on the pelvis floor that includes the openings to the urinary, digestive and reproductive systems in the area
- includes some of the internal and external genitalia of the reproductive system
what forms the anterior border of the perineum?
the pubic symphysis
what forms the lateral borders of the perineum?
ischia and ischial tuberosities
what forms the posterior border of the perineum?
the coccyx
the two ischia connect to form another line in the perineum which does what?
divides the perineum into anterior and posterior
what is the anterior triangle of the genitalia called?
urogenital triangle
what is the posterior triangle of the genitalia called?
anal triangle
what does the anal triangle contain?
only the anus
- can also see the external anal sphincter
most of the anal triangle is made up of?
the levator ani muscle
what is the levator ani muscle?
a big pelvic floor muscle
- big group of muscles that makes up a lot of the pelvic floor
what does the urogenital triangle consist of?
- the whole vestibule externally
- bulb of the vestibule
what is going to be internal/deep to the labia majora?
the bulb of the vestibule
where is the bulb of the vestible?
deep to the labia majora and lateral to the vestibule and goes up on either side of the clitoris
what is the bulb of the vestible?
erectile tissue
what is the homologue to the bulb of the vestibule?
corpus spongiosum and the bulb of the penis in the male
what is posterior and a little superior to the bulb of the vestibule?
the greater vestibular gland
- one on either side
what is a homologue to the greater vestibular glands?
bulbourethral glands in the males
what is the greater vestibular glands responsible for?
secreting fluid into the vagina that will continually cleanse the vagina and flush things out
where will the base of the breast extend from?
from approximately rib two to rib six
how out does a breast extend?
1 to several inches
where does the breast run from medially to laterally?
a little lateral to the sternum all the way over to the mid-axillary line (line that runs down from the armpit)
what is the breast mainly composed of?
- adipose tissue (fat)
- lactiferous glandular tissue (glands)
what are lactiferous glands doing most of the time?
nothing
what happens to the lactiferous glands during pregnancy?
they begin to become stimulated by hormones produced in the body to start producing milk
once the baby is born and suckles/pulls on the nipple, what happens?
further hormonal production encourages the movement of the milk out through the lactiferous ducts, out the nipple so that the baby can drink it
what is the areola?
a darkened pigment around the nipple of the breast
what is happening on the areola?
openings of several glands including sweat and oil glands that keep the area lubricated (for protection)
- helps to protect and nipple and breast tissue when a baby is suckling regularly because it can be hard on that really sensitive tissue
