Respiratory System Part 3 - Trachea and Lungs Flashcards
what level are your vocal folds at?
a little inferior to the laryngeal prominence
what is the trachea?
a fairly solid but hollow tube that is formed by many cartilaginous rings that are connected by ligamentous membrane
what is the sternal angle?
where the body of the sternum meets the manubrium
at what level/point is the trachea going to split/bifurcate into two?
at the level of the sternal angle
- called the carina
what is the name of the location where the trachea divides into two?
carina
what is the trachea going to divide into?
two primary bronchi
- right and left main/primary bronchus
what does the primary/main bronchi divide into?
lobar bronchi
what does lobar mean?
each lung has a certain number of lobes and each lobe gets its own bronchi
how many lobar bronchi are in the right lung?
three (three lobes)
how many lobar bronchi are in the left lung?
two (only two lobes)
the right lung is larger than the left, why?
because the left lung has to accommodate the heart which cheats a bit to the left which takes up left lung space
which primary bronchi points more straight down?
the right
- this causes the right lung to get more foreign bodies into it than the left which would have to make a sharp turn to get into it (more infections into the right)
what is the branching of the bronchial tree?
trachea –> 2 main bronchi –> 3R lobar bronchi and 2L lobar bronchi –> segmental bronchi –> bronchioles –> terminal bronchioles –> alveoli
what does alveoli look like?
clumps of grapes
- they are very thin walled sacs
where does gas exchange take place within the lungs?
in the alveoli
are pulmonary arteries high in oxygen?
no
are pulmonary veins high in oxygen?
yes
what leaves the right ventricle of the heart?
the pulmonary arteries
the pulmonary arteries are going to keep branching until?
they get to capillary beds that surround each alveoli and the CO2 and waste products that are in the pulmonary arterioles are going to cross into the alveoli and all the oxygen is going to go out into the blood and then the pulmonary veins will carry the oxygenated blood back to the left atrium
what is the lungs covered in?
a pleural serous membrane that has two layers
what is the outer layer of the lungs called?
the parietal plura
what is the inner layer of the lungs called?
the visceral pleura
- right against the lungs
what is in between the two pleura serous membranes of the lungs?
a little space called the pleural cavity
what is the pleural cavity for?
when you take a deep breath in, all the empty space will fill with the lungs
- provides space for the lungs to expand into
what does serous membrane do?
create serous fluid so that there isn’t friction when they rub against each other
where does the parietal and visceral pleura meet and come together?
at the root of the lungs
what is the root of the lungs?
a collection of structures that enter and leave the lungs and where the parietal and visceral pleura meet each other
- includes: main and lobar bronchi, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins
the area of the lungs where the root is, without its contents, is called?
the hilum
what are the three lobes of the right lung?
- superior lobe
- middle lobe
- inferior lobe
what are the two lobes of the left lung?
- superior lobe
- inferior lobe
what are the lobes of the lungs divided by?
fissures
what is the oblique fissure of the right lung?
- divides the superior to the inferior lobe
- divides the middle from the inferior lobe
what is the oblique fissure of the left lung?
- divides the superior to the inferior lobe
what is the horizonal fissure of the right lung?
- divides the superior and middle lobe
what is the cardiac impression of the left lung?
a squashed down surface on the left lung
- where the heart is
why can we see markings on the lungs?
because they are pretty squashy, so we see markings from more solid, nearby structures on the lungs
