Respiratory System Part 3 - Trachea and Lungs

Question 1

what level are your vocal folds at?

Answer 1

a little inferior to the laryngeal prominence

Question 2

what is the trachea?

Answer 2

a fairly solid but hollow tube that is formed by many cartilaginous rings that are connected by ligamentous membrane

Question 3

what is the sternal angle?

Answer 3

where the body of the sternum meets the manubrium

Question 4

at what level/point is the trachea going to split/bifurcate into two?

Answer 4

at the level of the sternal angle
- called the carina

Question 5

what is the name of the location where the trachea divides into two?

Answer 5

carina

Question 6

what is the trachea going to divide into?

Answer 6

two primary bronchi
- right and left main/primary bronchus

Question 7

what does the primary/main bronchi divide into?

Answer 7

lobar bronchi

Question 8

what does lobar mean?

Answer 8

each lung has a certain number of lobes and each lobe gets its own bronchi

Question 9

how many lobar bronchi are in the right lung?

Answer 9

three (three lobes)

Question 10

how many lobar bronchi are in the left lung?

Answer 10

two (only two lobes)

Question 11

the right lung is larger than the left, why?

Answer 11

because the left lung has to accommodate the heart which cheats a bit to the left which takes up left lung space

Question 12

which primary bronchi points more straight down?

Answer 12

the right
- this causes the right lung to get more foreign bodies into it than the left which would have to make a sharp turn to get into it (more infections into the right)

Question 13

what is the branching of the bronchial tree?

Answer 13

trachea –> 2 main bronchi –> 3R lobar bronchi and 2L lobar bronchi –> segmental bronchi –> bronchioles –> terminal bronchioles –> alveoli

Question 14

what does alveoli look like?

Answer 14

clumps of grapes
- they are very thin walled sacs

Question 15

where does gas exchange take place within the lungs?

Answer 15

in the alveoli

Question 16

are pulmonary arteries high in oxygen?

Answer 16

no

Question 17

are pulmonary veins high in oxygen?

Answer 17

yes

Question 18

what leaves the right ventricle of the heart?

Answer 18

the pulmonary arteries

Question 19

the pulmonary arteries are going to keep branching until?

Answer 19

they get to capillary beds that surround each alveoli and the CO2 and waste products that are in the pulmonary arterioles are going to cross into the alveoli and all the oxygen is going to go out into the blood and then the pulmonary veins will carry the oxygenated blood back to the left atrium

Question 20

what is the lungs covered in?

Answer 20

a pleural serous membrane that has two layers

Question 21

what is the outer layer of the lungs called?

Answer 21

the parietal plura

Question 22

what is the inner layer of the lungs called?

Answer 22

the visceral pleura
- right against the lungs

Question 23

what is in between the two pleura serous membranes of the lungs?

Answer 23

a little space called the pleural cavity

Question 24

what is the pleural cavity for?

Answer 24

when you take a deep breath in, all the empty space will fill with the lungs
- provides space for the lungs to expand into

Question 25

what does serous membrane do?

Answer 25

create serous fluid so that there isn’t friction when they rub against each other

Question 26

where does the parietal and visceral pleura meet and come together?

Answer 26

at the root of the lungs

Question 27

what is the root of the lungs?

Answer 27

a collection of structures that enter and leave the lungs and where the parietal and visceral pleura meet each other
- includes: main and lobar bronchi, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins

Question 28

the area of the lungs where the root is, without its contents, is called?

Answer 28

the hilum

Question 29

what are the three lobes of the right lung?

Answer 29

• superior lobe
• middle lobe
• inferior lobe

Question 30

what are the two lobes of the left lung?

Answer 30

• superior lobe
• inferior lobe

Question 31

what are the lobes of the lungs divided by?

Answer 31

fissures

Question 32

what is the oblique fissure of the right lung?

Answer 32

• divides the superior to the inferior lobe
• divides the middle from the inferior lobe

Question 33

what is the oblique fissure of the left lung?

Answer 33

• divides the superior to the inferior lobe

Question 34

what is the horizonal fissure of the right lung?

Answer 34

• divides the superior and middle lobe

Question 35

what is the cardiac impression of the left lung?

Answer 35

a squashed down surface on the left lung
- where the heart is

Question 36

why can we see markings on the lungs?

Answer 36

because they are pretty squashy, so we see markings from more solid, nearby structures on the lungs