Cardiovascular System Part 1 - Mediastinum and Pericardium

Question 1

what is the pericardium?

Answer 1

the membranous layers surrounding the heart to protect it

Question 2

what does the cardiovascular system include?

Answer 2

the heart and all of the arteries and veins of the body

Question 3

what does the circulatory system refer to?

Answer 3

the cardiovascular system without the heart
- just arteries and veins

Question 4

what is the main function of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 4

transportation

Question 5

what does the cardiovascular system transport?

Answer 5

oxygen, carbon dioxide and nutrients to all the cells of the body
- also hormones and drugs that you may have ingested

Question 6

true or false: blood vessels will constrict or dilate in order to get more blood into areas of more need

Answer 6

true

Question 7

what is a smaller artery called?

Answer 7

an arterial

Question 8

what is in the inner walls of arteries?

Answer 8

muscle

Question 9

what allows a blood vessel to constrict or dilate?

Answer 9

the muscle in the inner wall of the blood vessel

Question 10

what is the lumen of a blood vessel?

Answer 10

the inside section

Question 11

when a blood vessel dilates, what happened?

Answer 11

the blood vessel muscle will go closer to the wall, allowing the lumen to be wider

Question 12

what is it called when the lumen of a blood vessels widens?

Answer 12

dilation

Question 13

what are the functions of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 13

• transportation
• waste removal (removes metabolic waste from cells)
• helps with temperature maintenance
• fluid balance

Question 14

what allows heat to dissipate through the skin?

Answer 14

when dilation occurs in the blood vessels that are closer to the skin
- through the sweat glands

Question 15

what keeps us warm when its cold?

Answer 15

our blood vessels that are close to our skin will constrict, trapping the heat from our blood inside of us, closer to our core

Question 16

what will our blood do if some of our cells are dehydrated?

Answer 16

give them water
- blood holds water

Question 17

what does it mean when your entire body gets dehydrated?

Answer 17

it means your blood does not have enough water which will cause blood pressure to go down

Question 18

which blood vessel has a higher amount of oxygen in the blood?

Answer 18

arteries

Question 19

which blood vessel is LESS oxygenated than arteries?

Answer 19

veins

Question 20

what does the arterial system do?

Answer 20

brings highly oxygenated blood from the heart, through the arterial system to cells/tissues all over our body which then metabolize the oxygen and nutrients and release carbon dioxide

Question 21

why is blood in the heart highly oxygenated?

Answer 21

because the heart is connected through other vessels to the lungs where it gets air

Question 22

what does the venous system do?

Answer 22

the poorly oxygenated blood that has lots of carbon dioxide and waste products from cells then goes through the venous system and goes back to the heart

Question 23

where is heart located?

Answer 23

in an area of the thorax called the mediastinum

Question 24

what is in between the two lungs?

Answer 24

the mediastinum

Question 25

where are all the major blood vessels that are connected to the heart?

Answer 25

in the mediastinum along with the heart

Question 26

what is the heart covered with?

Answer 26

a double layer membrane called the pericardium

Question 27

what is the anterior protection of the heart?

Answer 27

the sternum and the ribs attached to it

Question 28

what is the posterior protection of the heart?

Answer 28

the vertebral column

Question 29

why does the heart have lots of fat around it?

Answer 29

for protection

Question 30

what are the three layers of the pericardium?

Answer 30

• fibrous pericardium
• parietal layer of serous pericardium
• visceral layer of serous pericardium

Question 31

what is the outermost layer of the pericardium?

Answer 31

fibrous pericardium

Question 32

what is the thickest layer of the pericardium?

Answer 32

fibrous pericardium

Question 33

why is it called the parietal layer of serous pericardium?

Answer 33

because the serous pericardium has two layers

Question 34

what are the two serous layers?

Answer 34

• parietal serous pericardia
• visceral serous pericardia

Question 35

what does the two serous layers produce?

Answer 35

serous fluid

Question 36

what does serous fluid allow?

Answer 36

the two serous layers to rub against each other very smoothly

Question 37

why is the two serous layer rubbing against each other very important?

Answer 37

because with every heart beat, the heart is expanding and contracting so the layers will be getting pushed against each other often and the serous fluid allows it to be very smooth so that there is no damage over time

Question 38

what is the space between the parietal and visceral layers of serous pericardium called?

Answer 38

the pericardial cavity

Question 39

what is the pericardial cavity for?

Answer 39

allowing a little bit of space for the heart to expand into

Question 40

what is the muscular layer of the heart?

Answer 40

the myocardium (cardiac muscle)

Question 41

what is deep to the myocardium?

Answer 41

a thin epithelial cell layer that is going to line all of the inner cavities and chambers of the heart
- called the endocardium