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Zoology > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

a system that rids the body of waste products.

A

Urinary System

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2
Q

Functions of the kidney:

A
  • filters blood plasma
  • separate wastes from useful chemicals
  • returns useful substances to the blood
  • eliminates wastes
  • regulate blood volume and pressure by
    eliminating or conserving water
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3
Q

from amino acids in extreme starvation

A

Gluconeogenesis

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4
Q

any substance that is useless to the body or present
in excess of the body’s needs

A

Waste

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5
Q

waste substance produced by the body

A

Metabolic waste

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6
Q

Product of nucleic acid catabolism

A

Uric acid

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7
Q

Product of creatine phosphate catabolism

A

Creatinine

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8
Q

expression of the level of nitrogenous waste in the blood

A

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

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9
Q

elevated BUN

A

Azotemia

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10
Q

syndrome of diarrhea, vomiting, dyspnea, and cardiac arrhythmia stemming from the toxicity of nitrogenous waste

A

Uremia

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11
Q

treatment of Uremia:

A

hemodialysis or organ transplant

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12
Q

separation of wastes from the body fluids and the elimination of them

A

Excretion

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13
Q

Four body systems carry out excretion:

A
  1. Respiratory system
  2. Integumentary system
  3. Digestive system
  4. Urinary system
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14
Q

The lateral surface is _______, and the medial is concave with a slit called the _______.

A

convex
hilum

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15
Q

Three protective connective tissue coverings:

A
  • Renal fascia - immediately deep to the parietal peritoneum
  • Perirenal fat capsule - cushions kidney and holds it into place
  • Fibrous capsule - encloses kidney protecting it from trauma and infection
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16
Q

glandular tissue that forms urine

A

Renal parenchyma

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17
Q

contains blood and lymphatic vessels, nerves, and urine-collecting structures

A

Renal sinus

18
Q

Two zones of renal parenchyma:

A
  • Outer renal cortex
  • Inner renal medulla
19
Q

extensions of the cortex that project inward toward sinus

A

Renal columns

20
Q

6 to 10 with broad base facing cortex and renal
papilla facing sinus

A

Renal pyramids

21
Q

cup that nestles the papilla of each pyramid; collects it urine

A

Minor calyx

22
Q

formed by convergence of two or three minor calyces

A

Major calyces

23
Q

formed by convergence of two or three major calyces

A

Renal pelvis

24
Q

a tubular continuation of the pelvis that drains the urine down to the urinary bladder

A

Ureter

25
Q

Renal artery divides into segmental arteries that give rise to:

A
  • Interlobar arteries: up renal columns, between pyramids
  • Arcuate arteries: over pyramids
  • Interlobular arteries: up into the cortex
  • Branch into afferent arterioles: each supplying
    nephron
  • Leads to a ball of capillaries— glomerulus
26
Q

empties into inferior vena cava

A

Renal vein

27
Q

Each nephrons are composed of two principal parts

A

– Renal corpuscle: filters the blood plasma
– Renal tubule: long coiled tube that converts the filtrate

28
Q

a layer of Bowman capsule that is simple squamous
epithelium

A

Parietal (outer) layer

29
Q

a layer of Bowman capsule that consists of elaborate cells called podocytes that wrap around the capillaries of the glomerulus

A

Visceral (inner) layer

30
Q

separates the two layers of the Bowman capsule

A

Capsular space

31
Q

the side of the corpuscle where the afferent arterial enters the corpuscle and the efferent arteriole leaves

A

Vascular pole

32
Q

the opposite side of the corpuscle where the renal tubule begins

A

Urinary pole

33
Q

a duct that leads away from the glomerular capsule and ends at the tip of the medullary pyramid

A

Renal (uriniferous) tubule

34
Q

arises from glomerular capsule

A

Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

35
Q

long U-shaped portion of renal tubule

A

Nephron loop (loop of Henle)

36
Q

begins shortly after the ascending limb reenters the cortex

A

Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

37
Q

receives fluid from the DCTs of several nephrons as it passes back into the medulla

A

Collecting duct

38
Q

formed by merger of several collecting ducts

A

Papillary duct

39
Q

the flow of fluid from the point where the glomerular filtrate is formed to the point where urine leaves the body:

A

glomerular capsule → proximal convoluted tubule → nephron loop → distal convoluted tubule → collecting duct → papillary duct → minor calyx → major calyx → renal pelvis → ureter → urinary bladder → urethra

40
Q

85% of all nephrons

A

Cortical nephrons

41
Q

15% of all nephrons

A

Juxtamedullary nephrons

42
Q

nerves and ganglia wrapped around each renal artery

A

Renal plexus

Zoology (28 decks)

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