Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Zoology > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of nervous system:

A
  1. Sensory input
  2. Integration
  3. Control of muscles and glands
  4. Mental activity
  5. Homeostasis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Main Divisions of the Nervous System:

A
  1. Central Nervous System (CNS): brain and spinal cord
  2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): all neurons outside CNS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Neuron Characteristics:

A
  • Nerve cells
  • Require oxygen and glucose
  • Receive input, process input, and produce a response
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Neuron Structures:

A
  • Dendrite - receives stimulus from other neurons or sensory receptors
  • Cell body - processes stimulus, contains a nucleus
  • Axon - transmits stimulus to a gland, muscle, organ, or other neuron
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

fatty, protective wrapping around axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

gaps in myelin sheath where action potentials develop

A

Nodes of Ranvier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

jumping of action potentials

A

Saltatory conduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

disease of myelin sheath that causes loss of muscle function

A

Multiple sclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Types of Neurons:

A
  • Multipolar neuron - many dendrites and a single axon
  • Bipolar neuron - one dendrite and one axon
  • Pseudo-unipolar neuron - one axon and no dendrites
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Neuroglia Characteristics:

A
  • Supporting cells for neurons
  • More numerous than neurons
  • Can divide to produce more cells

5 types:
- Astrocytes
- Ependymal Cells
- Microglia
- Oligodendrocytes
- Schwann cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  • star-shaped
  • most abundant
  • form blood-brain barrier
A

Astrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A

Ependymal Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

help remove bacteria and cell debris from CNS

A

Microglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

produce myelin sheath in CNS

A

Oligodendrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

produce myelin sheath in PNS

A

Schwann cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Organization of Nervous Tissue:

A
  • Gray matter: - collection of dendrites and cell bodies
  • White matter: - collection of axons and their myelin sheath
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Produce myelin sheath:

A

CNS: Oligodendrocytes
PNS: Schwann cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Collection of axons:

A

CNS: Nerve tracts
PNS: Nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Collection of cell bodies:

A

CNS: Nuclei
PNS: Ganglion

20
Q

Resting Membrane Potential:

A
  • Outside of cell is more + (Na+)
  • Inside of cell is more – (K+)
  • Leak ion channels:
    • always open
    • K+ channels
  • Gated ion channels:
    • closed until opened by specific signal
    • Na+ channels
21
Q
  • “Electricity” that cause depolarization and repolarization
  • Change resting membrane potential by activating gated ion channels
A

Action Potentials

22
Q

If enough Na+ enters then ________ is reached and more Na+ channels open

A

threshold

23
Q

Action potentials continue until Na+ channels close, K+ channels open, and ________ occurs

A

repolarization

24
Q

where an axon attaches to a muscle, gland, organ, or other neuron

A

Synapse

25
Q

involuntary response to a stimulus

A

Reflexes

26
Q

path reflex travels

A

Reflex arc

27
Q

Components of Reflex Arc:

A

1. Sensory receptors:
- pick up the stimulus
- in skin
2. Sensory (afferent) neurons:
send stimulus to interneurons in the spinal cord
3. Interneurons (Association) neuron:
- located in the CNS and connected to motor neurons
- process stimulus
4. Efferent (motor) neurons:
send a response to the effector
5. Effector:
muscle, gland, or organ

28
Q

two or more neurons synapse the same neuron

A

Converging

29
Q

axon from one neuron divides and synapses with more than one neuron

A

Diverging

30
Q

Consists of brain and spinal cord

A

Central Nervous System

31
Q

It includes nerves outside the brain and spinal cord

A

Peripheral Nervous System

32
Q

Extends from foramen magnum to 2nd lumbar vertebra

A

Spinal Cord

33
Q

Gray and White Matter in Spinal Cord:

A

Gray Matter:
center of the spinal cord
looks like the letter H or a butterfly

White Matter:
outside of the spinal cord
contains myelinated fibers

34
Q

White Matter in Spinal Cord

A
  • Contains 3 columns dorsal, ventral, and lateral columns
  • Ascending tracts:
    axons that conduct action potentials toward the brain
  • Descending tracts:
    axons that conduct action potentials away from the brain
35
Q

Gray Matter in Spinal Cord:

A

Posterior horns:
contain axons that synapse with interneurons
Anterior horns:
contain somatic neurons
Lateral horns:
contain autonomic neurons
Central canal:
fluid-filled space in the center of the cord

36
Q

Arise along spinal cord from union of dorsal roots and ventral roots

A

Spinal Nerves

37
Q

Originates from spinal nerves C1-4, it innervates muscles attached to the hyoid bone and neck

A

Cervical Plexus

38
Q

Originates from spinal nerves C5-T1, it supplies nerves to the upper limb, shoulder, hand

A

Brachial Plexus

39
Q

Originates from spinal nerves L1 to S4, it supplies nerves in the lower limbs

A

Lumbosacral Plexus

40
Q

Fluid that bathes the brain and spinal cord

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid

41
Q

Brainstem components:

A
  • Medulla oblongata
  • Pons
  • Midbrain
42
Q

component of the brainstem that regulates heart rate, blood vessel diameter, breathing, swallowing, vomiting, hiccupping, coughing, sneezing, balance

A

Medulla oblongata

43
Q

component of the brainstem that regulates breathing, chewing, salivation, swallowing

A

Pons

44
Q

component of the brainstem that coordinated the eye movement, pupil diameter, turning head toward noise

A

Midbrain

45
Q

regulates cyclical motor function, respiration, walking, chewing, arousing, and maintaining consciousness regulates the sleep-wake cycle

A

Reticular Formation

46
Q

Diencephalon:

A
  • Located between the brainstem and cerebrum

Components:
* Thalamus - influences moods and detects pain
* Epithalamus - an emotional and visceral response to odors
* Hypothalamus - controls homeostasis, body temp, thirst, hunger, fear, rage, sexual emotions

Zoology (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions