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Zoology > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

types of circulatory system:

A

close circulatory system - blood closed at all times within vessels of different size and wall thickness

open circulatory system - common mostly in anthrops and mollusks

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2
Q

Specific Functions of the Circulatory System:

A
  • distribution of nutrients
  • transportation and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
  • removal of waste materials
  • distribution of endocrine secretions
  • prevention of excessive bleeding
  • prevention of infection
  • regulation of body temperature
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3
Q

The cardiovascular system:

A

consists of heart and blood vessels that send blood to:
lungs for oxygen
digestive system for nutrients

CV system also circulates waste products to certain organ systems for removal from the blood

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4
Q

The Heart: Structures

A
  • Cone-shaped organ about the size of a loose fist
  • In the mediastinum
  • Extends from the level of the second rib to about the level of the sixth rib
  • Slightly left of the midline
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5
Q

Covers the heart and large blood vessels attached to the heart

A

Pericardium

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6
Q
  • Innermost layer
  • Directly on the heart
A

Visceral pericardium

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7
Q

Layer on top of the visceral pericardium

A

Parietal pericardium

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8
Q

Heart walls:

A

Epicardium
* Outermost layer
* Fat to cushion heart

Myocardium
* Middle layer
* Primarily cardiac muscle

Endocardium
* Innermost layer
* Thin and smooth
* Stretches as the heart pumps

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9
Q

Four chambers:

A

Two atria
* Upper chambers
* Left and right
* Separated by interatrial septum

Two ventricles
* Lower chambers
* Left and right
* Separated by interventricular septum

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10
Q

prevents blood from flowing back into the right atrium when the right ventricle contracts

A

Tricuspid valve

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11
Q

prevents blood from flowing back into the left atrium when the left ventricle contracts

A

Bicuspid valve

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12
Q

prevents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle

A

Pulmonary valve

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13
Q

prevents blood from flowing back
into the left ventricle

A

Aortic valve

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14
Q

Cardiac Cycle
Influenced by:

A
  • Exercise
  • Parasympathetic nerves
  • Sympathetic nerves
  • Cardiac control center
  • Body temperature
  • Potassium ions
  • Calcium ions
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15
Q

First Sound

A

Lubb

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16
Q

Second sound

A

Dubb

17
Q

Wall of the right atrium: Natural pacemaker
and sends impulse to AV node

A

Sinoatrial node (SA node)

18
Q

Between atria just above ventricles that sends impulse to the bundle of His

A

Atrioventricular node (AV
node)

19
Q

Between ventricles
Two branches
Sends impulse to Purkinje fibers

A

Bundle of His

20
Q
  • Lateral walls of ventricles
  • Ventricles contract
A

Purkinje fibers

21
Q

Group of structures that send electrical impulses through the heart

A

Cardiac Conduction System

22
Q

Arteries

A
  • Strongest of the blood vessels
  • Carry blood away
    from the heart

Under high pressure
* Vasoconstriction
* Vasodilation

23
Q

Small branches of arteries

A

Arterioles

24
Q

Takes blood from the heart to the body

A

Aorta

25
Q

Supply blood to heart muscle

A

Coronary arteries

26
Q

Veins

A

Blood under no pressure in veins
* Does not move very easily
* Skeletal muscle contractions help move blood
* The sympathetic nervous system also influences the pressure

  • Valves prevent backflow
27
Q

Capillaries

A
  • Branches of arterioles
  • The smallest type of blood vessel
  • Connect arterioles to venules
  • Only about one cell layer thick
  • Oxygen and nutrients can pass out of a capillary into a body cell
  • Carbon dioxide and other waste products pass out of a body cell into a capillary
28
Q

How do arteries control blood pressure?

A

The muscular walls of arteries can constrict to increase blood pressure or dilate to decrease blood pressure.

29
Q

Blood Pressure

A

Force blood exerts on the inner walls of blood vessels
* Highest in arteries
* Lowest in veins

30
Q
  • Ventricles contract
  • Blood pressure is at its greatest in the arteries
A

Systolic pressure

31
Q
  • Ventricles relax
  • Blood pressure in arteries is at its lowest
A

Diastolic pressure

32
Q

It is located in the aorta and carotid arteries. It also help regulate blood pressure

A

Baroreceptors

33
Q

What is the difference between the systolic pressure and diastolic pressure?

A

systolic pressure: contraction of ventricles increasing the pressure in the arteries.

diastolic pressure: the result of the relaxation of the ventricles lowering the pressure in the arteries.

34
Q

Pulmonary circuit

A

right atrium 🡪 right ventricle 🡪 pulmonary artery trunk 🡪 pulmonary arteries 🡪 lungs 🡪 pulmonary veins 🡪 heart (left atrium)

35
Q

Systemic circuit

A

left atrium 🡪 left ventricle 🡪 aorta 🡪 arteries 🡪 arterioles 🡪 capillaries 🡪 venules 🡪 veins 🡪 vena cava 🡪 heart (right atrium)

36
Q

Carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart

A

Arterial system

37
Q

Carries oxygen-poor blood toward the heart

A

Venous system

38
Q

Collection of veins carrying blood to the liver

A

Hepatic portal system

39
Q

carry oxygen-poor blood

A

Pulmonary arteries

Zoology (28 decks)

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