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Zoology > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

study of bones

A

Osteology

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2
Q

2 components of skeletal system:

A

Organic components - 1/3 or 35%
Inorganic components - 2/3 or 65%

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3
Q

functions of skeletal system:

A
  • supports soft parts of the body
  • locomotion
  • provides framework
  • protects vital organs
  • defense
  • blood formation
  • storage of minerals
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4
Q

number of bones in:
horse: _________
human adult: _________
human baby: _________
cats: ________
dogs: ________

A

horse: 205 bones
human adult: 206 bones
human baby: 300 bones
cats: 230 bones
dogs: 319 - 321 bones

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5
Q

refers to the hard layer of bone that covers most bones and forms almost the entire shaft

A

Compact (dense or cortical) bone

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6
Q

composed of plate (spicules) arranged to form a porous network usually filled with bone marrow.

A

Cancellous (spongy) bone

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7
Q

denotes the compact bone that forms the shaft of long bones

A

Cortex

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8
Q

space surrounded by the cortex of long bone

A

Medullary cavity (marrow cavity)

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9
Q

Red marrow

A

Young animals

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10
Q

Yellow marrow

A

Old animals

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11
Q

refers to either extremity of long bone

A

Epiphysis

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12
Q

cylindrical shaft of long bone situated between two epiphysis

A

Diaphysis

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13
Q

(disk or physis) layer of hyaline cartilage that separates the diaphysis and epiphysis within the metaphysis of long bone

A

Epiphyseal cartilage

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14
Q

thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the articular surface of a bone

A

Articular cartilage

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15
Q

Articular Projections:

A
  • Trochlea
  • Facet
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16
Q

pulley-like articular mass found at the distal end of femur

A

Trochlea

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17
Q

relatively flat articular surface

A

Facet

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18
Q

Non-articular Projections:

A
  • Process
  • Tuberosity
  • Tubercle
  • Spine
  • Crest
  • Neck
  • Line
  • Glenoid cavity
  • Cotyloid cavity
  • Notch
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19
Q

general term for bony projection

A

Process

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20
Q

relatively non- articular projection

A

Tuberosity

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21
Q

smaller projection

A

Tubercle

22
Q

maybe a pointed projection

A

Spine

23
Q

sharp ridge

A

Crest

24
Q

cylindrical part of a bone to which the head is attached

A

Neck

25
Q

small ridge or mark on a bone

A

Line (Linea)

26
Q

shallow articular concavity

A

Glenoid cavity

27
Q

deep articular concavity

A

Cotyloid cavity

28
Q

maybe an articular indentation

A

Notch

29
Q

large non-articular depression

A

Fossa

30
Q

small non-articular depression

A

Fovea

31
Q

circumscribe hole in a bone

A

Foramen

32
Q

tunnel through one or more bone

A

Canal

33
Q

Long Bones

A
  • Greater in one dimension
  • Consists of a cylindrical shaft (diaphysis) and two extremities the epiphysis
  • Levers and aid in support to prehension and locomotion
  • Ex.
  • Pectoral limb: humerus, radius, ulna metacarpals
  • Pelvic limb: Femur, tibia, fibula, metatarsals and phalanges
34
Q

Short Bones

A
  • Absorb concussion
  • Cuboid in form
  • Approximately equal in dimension
  • No marrow cavity
  • Interior is composed spongy substance
  • Exterior is formed by a layer of compact substance
  • Found in carpus and tarsus
35
Q

Flat Bones

A
  • Relatively thin and expanded into two dimensions
  • Consist of two plates of compact substances
  • Separated by spongy material called diploe
  • Chiefly for the protection of vital organs such as the brain, heart, lungs, and pelvic viscera
  • Provide large attachment for muscle
36
Q

Sesamoid Bones

A
  • Developed along the course of tendons
  • Reduced friction of tendons
  • Change the angle of pull of muscle
  • The patella of the knee is the largest sesamoid bone
37
Q

Separated by spongy material in short bones

A

Diploe

38
Q

the largest sesamoid bone

A

Patella

39
Q

Irregular Bones

A

Unpaired bones located at the median plane
Example: Bones of the Vertebral Column

40
Q
  • Contain air spaces or sinuses that communicate with the exterior
  • Frontal bones and maxillary bones of the skull are examples of this type of bone
A

Pneumatic Bones

41
Q

5 types of bones:

A
  1. Long bones
  2. Short bones
  3. Flat bones
  4. Sesamoid bones
  5. Irregular bones
42
Q

Includes practically all bones except those of the limbs or appendages. Either on the midline

A

Axial Skeleton

43
Q

Axial skeleton are composed of:

A

Skull
Vertebrae
Ribs

44
Q

a formula indicating the number of vertebrae in each segment of the spinal column

A

Vertebral Formula

45
Q

Vertebral Formula of:
Horse -
Cow -
Sheep -
Goat -
Pig -
Dog -
Chicken -

A

Horse - C7T18L6S5 Cy 15-20
Cow - C7T13L6S5 Cy 18-20
Sheep - C7T18L6-7S4Cy 16-18
Goat - C7T18L7S4 Cy 16-18
Pig - C7T14-15L6-7S4 Cy 20-23
Dog - C7T13L7S3Cy 20-23
Chicken - C14T7LS14S5 Cy 4

46
Q
  • Forms the floor of the bony thorax
  • Gives attachment to the costal cartilages
A

Sternum and Ribs

47
Q

Sternal ribs

A

True ribs

48
Q

Asternal ribs (floating)

A

False ribs

49
Q

Made up of bones of the limbs

A

Appendicular Skeleton

50
Q

Forelimb (appendicular skeleton):

A
  • Scapula
  • Humerus
  • Radius
  • Ulna
  • Carpus
  • Metacarpal
  • Digits
51
Q

Hindlimb ( Pelvic Limb) / (appendicular skeleton)

A
  • Pelvic Bone
  • Femur
  • Tibia and fibula
  • Tarsus
  • Metatarsus
  • Digits

Zoology (28 decks)

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