Animal Classifications, Phylogeny, and Organization Flashcards
the science of naming, describing and classifying organisms and includes all plants, animals and microorganisms of the world
Taxonomy
Carolus Linnaeus
- a Swedish biologist who established a simple system for classifying and naming organisms.
- father of Modern Taxonomy
Modern System:
- Each KINGDOM (plant and animal) was divided into a PHYLUM* (division for plants).
- Each phylum was divided into smaller groups called CLASS.
- Each class was divided into an ORDER.
- Each order was divided into FAMILY (families).
- Each family was divided into a GENUS (plural-genera).
- Each genus was divided into a SPECIES (scientific name)
The first word of the Scientific Name (Species Name)
genus
The second word of the Scientific Name (Species Name)
species
refers to the relatively small group of organisms to which a particular type of organism belongs
Genus
usually a Latin description of some important characteristic of the organism
Species
a system that organizes the tremendous diversity of organisms into a phylogenetic tree
Systematics
often provides clues to evolutionary relationships
The Fossil Record
Taxonomists use comparisons of macromolecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins as a kind of _____________.
molecular clock
a system of taxonomy that reconstructs phylogenies by inferring relationships based on similarities
Cladistics
Using patterns of shared derived traits, biologists used cladistics to construct a branching diagram
Cladogram
Autotrophic organisms
organisms that can produce their own food from the substances available in their surroundings using photosynthesis or chemosynthesis
Heterotrophic organisms
cannot synthesize their own food and rely on other organisms for their nutrition.
Six-Kingdom System:
- Archaebacteria
- Eubacteria
- Protista
- Fungi
- Plantae
- Animalia
