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Zoology > Joints > Flashcards

Joints Flashcards

1
Q

study of joints and articulations between bones

A

Anthrology

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2
Q

Immovable

A

Synarthroses

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3
Q

Slightly movable

A

Amphiarthroses

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4
Q

Freely movable

A

Diarthroses

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5
Q

Classification of Joints

A
  1. Fibrous joint
  2. Cartilaginous joint
  3. Synovial joints
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6
Q

Fibrous Joints

A
  • no joint cavity
  • bones united by fibrous tissue
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7
Q

3 Types of Fibrous Joints:

A
  1. Syndesmoses
  2. Suture
  3. Gomphoses
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8
Q

joints with fibrous tissue uniting medium

A

Syndesmoses

  • New Latin, from Greek syndesmos fastening, ligament, from syndein.
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9
Q

joints between bones of the skull

A

Suture

  • derived from the Latin sutura, which means “a sewing together,”
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10
Q

a fibrous mobile peg-and-socket joint.

A

Gomphosis

  • New Latin, from Greek “gomphoein” to bolt together, from gomphos tooth, peg.
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11
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A
  • contain no joint cavity
  • united by a cartilage
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12
Q

3 Types of Cartilaginous Joint:

A
  1. Synchondrosis - (syn: together, chondrosis: cartilage)
  2. Symphyses - (symphusis - growing together)
  3. Synostosis - (syn: together, ostosis: bone)
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13
Q

found in hyaline cartilage joints, immovable joint in which the uniting medium is a bone

A

Synchondrosis

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14
Q

refers to a joint in which the uniting medium is a bone

A

Synostosis

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15
Q

Synovial Joints general structures:

A
  1. Articular surface
  2. Articular cartilage
  3. Articular Cavity
  4. Joint Capsule
  5. Ligaments
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16
Q

specialized layer of compact bone on the surfaces that articulate with other bones

A

Articular surface

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17
Q

layer of hyaline cartilage covering the articular surface. Periosteum covers the remainder of the bone

A

Articular cartilage

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18
Q

potential space between adjacent bones and is surrounded by the joint capsule.

A

Articular cavity

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19
Q

consist of two layers. Deeper layer is composed of synovial membrane which secrete synovial fluid

A

Joint capsule

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20
Q

connective tissue bands that extend from bone to bone.

A

Ligaments

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21
Q

found within joints and are surrounded by joint capsule

A

Intracapsular

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22
Q

found outside the joint capsule

A

Extracapsular

23
Q

Movements of Joints

A
  1. Gliding or sliding
  2. Flexion
  3. Extension
  4. Hyperextension
  5. Rotation
  6. Adduction
  7. Abduction
  8. Circumduction
24
Q

refers to the movement in the sagittal plane that tends to decrease the angle between segments making up the joint

A

Flexion

25
Q

reverse of flexion and refers to the movement in the sagittal plane that tends to increase the angle between segments forming joints

A

Extension

26
Q

refers to the movement in which the angle between segments is increase beyond 180 degrees

A

Hyperextension

27
Q

consists of a twisting movement of a segment around its axis

A

Rotation

28
Q

refers to the movement of an extremity towards the median plane

A

Adduction

29
Q

results from a combination of the preceding movements and may be defined as a movement in which the extremity describes a cone

A

Circumduction

30
Q

movement that tends to rotate an extremity so that the dorsum is up

A

Pronation

31
Q

movement that tends to rotate an extremity so that the palmar (volar) or plantar aspect of the limb is up.

A

Supination

32
Q

move only in the sagittal plane. Movements possible are: Flexion, Extension, and hyperextension

A

Ginglymus (hinge) joints

33
Q

have only a slight gliding movement between relatively flat opposed surface

A

Arthrodial joints

34
Q

rotary movement occur around one axis

A

Trochoid or pivot joint

35
Q

joint between the atlas and the axis bone of the cervical vertebrae

A

Atlanto-occipital joint

36
Q

joints which permits movement in nearly all direction

A

Spheroid joint

37
Q

convex articular condyles articulate with somewhat concave areas

A

Condylar (condyloid) joint

38
Q

articular surface that is expanded more in one direction than another, forming an ellipse.

A

Ellipsoid joint

39
Q

(human) joints found in the skull

A

Suture

40
Q

(human) joint between the mandible (jaw bone) and the temporal bone of the skull

A

Temporomandibular joint

41
Q

(human) joint between the skull and the first cervical vertebra of the neck

A

Atlanto-occipital joint

42
Q

(human) between adjacent vertebrae throughout the rest of the vertebral column

A

Symphyseal joint

43
Q

no true bony connection with the thorax

A

Scapular joint

44
Q

(scapulo-humeral joint) is a spheroid (ball and socket joint. Movements in all direction including rotation

A

Shoulder joint

45
Q

true ginglymus (hinge) joint formed by the condyles (spool-like distal end of the humerus) meeting the proximal end of the radius and ulna

A

Elbow Joint

46
Q

complex joint which not only permits flexion and extension between the radius and proximal row of the carpal bones, but also between the proximal and distal row of the carpal bones

A

Carpus joint (knee)

47
Q

formed by the distal end of the metacarpus, the proximal end of the first phalanx or long pastern bone

A

Fetlock joint

48
Q

gignlymus joint between the first and second phalanges

A

Pastern Joint

49
Q

formed by the second and third phalanges. Large encased in the hoof and is a ginglymus joint.

A

Coffin joint

50
Q

the only bony connection between the axial and appendicular skeleton

A

Sacroiliac joint

51
Q

is the only arthrodial type

A

Hip joint

52
Q

derived of synchondrosis:

A

syn: together
chondrosis: cartilage

53
Q

derived of synostosis:

A

syn: together
ostosis: bone

54
Q

derived Greek word of symphysis:

A

sumphusis = growing together

Zoology (28 decks)

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