Joints Flashcards
study of joints and articulations between bones
Anthrology
Immovable
Synarthroses
Slightly movable
Amphiarthroses
Freely movable
Diarthroses
Classification of Joints
- Fibrous joint
- Cartilaginous joint
- Synovial joints
Fibrous Joints
- no joint cavity
- bones united by fibrous tissue
3 Types of Fibrous Joints:
- Syndesmoses
- Suture
- Gomphoses
joints with fibrous tissue uniting medium
Syndesmoses
- New Latin, from Greek syndesmos fastening, ligament, from syndein.
joints between bones of the skull
Suture
- derived from the Latin sutura, which means “a sewing together,”
a fibrous mobile peg-and-socket joint.
Gomphosis
- New Latin, from Greek “gomphoein” to bolt together, from gomphos tooth, peg.
Cartilaginous joints
- contain no joint cavity
- united by a cartilage
3 Types of Cartilaginous Joint:
- Synchondrosis - (syn: together, chondrosis: cartilage)
- Symphyses - (symphusis - growing together)
- Synostosis - (syn: together, ostosis: bone)
found in hyaline cartilage joints, immovable joint in which the uniting medium is a bone
Synchondrosis
refers to a joint in which the uniting medium is a bone
Synostosis
Synovial Joints general structures:
- Articular surface
- Articular cartilage
- Articular Cavity
- Joint Capsule
- Ligaments
specialized layer of compact bone on the surfaces that articulate with other bones
Articular surface
layer of hyaline cartilage covering the articular surface. Periosteum covers the remainder of the bone
Articular cartilage
potential space between adjacent bones and is surrounded by the joint capsule.
Articular cavity
consist of two layers. Deeper layer is composed of synovial membrane which secrete synovial fluid
Joint capsule
connective tissue bands that extend from bone to bone.
Ligaments
found within joints and are surrounded by joint capsule
Intracapsular
found outside the joint capsule
Extracapsular
Movements of Joints
- Gliding or sliding
- Flexion
- Extension
- Hyperextension
- Rotation
- Adduction
- Abduction
- Circumduction
refers to the movement in the sagittal plane that tends to decrease the angle between segments making up the joint
Flexion
reverse of flexion and refers to the movement in the sagittal plane that tends to increase the angle between segments forming joints
Extension
refers to the movement in which the angle between segments is increase beyond 180 degrees
Hyperextension
consists of a twisting movement of a segment around its axis
Rotation
refers to the movement of an extremity towards the median plane
Adduction
results from a combination of the preceding movements and may be defined as a movement in which the extremity describes a cone
Circumduction
movement that tends to rotate an extremity so that the dorsum is up
Pronation
movement that tends to rotate an extremity so that the palmar (volar) or plantar aspect of the limb is up.
Supination
move only in the sagittal plane. Movements possible are: Flexion, Extension, and hyperextension
Ginglymus (hinge) joints
have only a slight gliding movement between relatively flat opposed surface
Arthrodial joints
rotary movement occur around one axis
Trochoid or pivot joint
joint between the atlas and the axis bone of the cervical vertebrae
Atlanto-occipital joint
joints which permits movement in nearly all direction
Spheroid joint
convex articular condyles articulate with somewhat concave areas
Condylar (condyloid) joint
articular surface that is expanded more in one direction than another, forming an ellipse.
Ellipsoid joint
(human) joints found in the skull
Suture
(human) joint between the mandible (jaw bone) and the temporal bone of the skull
Temporomandibular joint
(human) joint between the skull and the first cervical vertebra of the neck
Atlanto-occipital joint
(human) between adjacent vertebrae throughout the rest of the vertebral column
Symphyseal joint
no true bony connection with the thorax
Scapular joint
(scapulo-humeral joint) is a spheroid (ball and socket joint. Movements in all direction including rotation
Shoulder joint
true ginglymus (hinge) joint formed by the condyles (spool-like distal end of the humerus) meeting the proximal end of the radius and ulna
Elbow Joint
complex joint which not only permits flexion and extension between the radius and proximal row of the carpal bones, but also between the proximal and distal row of the carpal bones
Carpus joint (knee)
formed by the distal end of the metacarpus, the proximal end of the first phalanx or long pastern bone
Fetlock joint
gignlymus joint between the first and second phalanges
Pastern Joint
formed by the second and third phalanges. Large encased in the hoof and is a ginglymus joint.
Coffin joint
the only bony connection between the axial and appendicular skeleton
Sacroiliac joint
is the only arthrodial type
Hip joint
derived of synchondrosis:
syn: together
chondrosis: cartilage
derived of synostosis:
syn: together
ostosis: bone
derived Greek word of symphysis:
sumphusis = growing together
