Joints

Question 1

study of joints and articulations between bones

Answer 1

Anthrology

Question 2

Immovable

Answer 2

Synarthroses

Question 3

Slightly movable

Answer 3

Amphiarthroses

Question 4

Freely movable

Answer 4

Diarthroses

Question 5

Classification of Joints

Answer 5

1. Fibrous joint
2. Cartilaginous joint
3. Synovial joints

Question 6

Fibrous Joints

Answer 6

• no joint cavity
• bones united by fibrous tissue

Question 7

3 Types of Fibrous Joints:

Answer 7

1. Syndesmoses
2. Suture
3. Gomphoses

Question 8

joints with fibrous tissue uniting medium

Answer 8

Syndesmoses

• New Latin, from Greek syndesmos fastening, ligament, from syndein.

Question 9

joints between bones of the skull

Answer 9

Suture

• derived from the Latin sutura, which means “a sewing together,”

Question 10

a fibrous mobile peg-and-socket joint.

Answer 10

Gomphosis

• New Latin, from Greek “gomphoein” to bolt together, from gomphos tooth, peg.

Question 11

Cartilaginous joints

Answer 11

• contain no joint cavity
• united by a cartilage

Question 12

3 Types of Cartilaginous Joint:

Answer 12

1. Synchondrosis - (syn: together, chondrosis: cartilage)
2. Symphyses - (symphusis - growing together)
3. Synostosis - (syn: together, ostosis: bone)

Question 13

found in hyaline cartilage joints, immovable joint in which the uniting medium is a bone

Answer 13

Synchondrosis

Question 14

refers to a joint in which the uniting medium is a bone

Answer 14

Synostosis

Question 15

Synovial Joints general structures:

Answer 15

1. Articular surface
2. Articular cartilage
3. Articular Cavity
4. Joint Capsule
5. Ligaments

Question 16

specialized layer of compact bone on the surfaces that articulate with other bones

Answer 16

Articular surface

Question 17

layer of hyaline cartilage covering the articular surface. Periosteum covers the remainder of the bone

Answer 17

Articular cartilage

Question 18

potential space between adjacent bones and is surrounded by the joint capsule.

Answer 18

Articular cavity

Question 19

consist of two layers. Deeper layer is composed of synovial membrane which secrete synovial fluid

Answer 19

Joint capsule

Question 20

connective tissue bands that extend from bone to bone.

Answer 20

Ligaments

Question 21

found within joints and are surrounded by joint capsule

Answer 21

Intracapsular

Question 22

found outside the joint capsule

Answer 22

Extracapsular

Question 23

Movements of Joints

Answer 23

1. Gliding or sliding
2. Flexion
3. Extension
4. Hyperextension
5. Rotation
6. Adduction
7. Abduction
8. Circumduction

Question 24

refers to the movement in the sagittal plane that tends to decrease the angle between segments making up the joint

Answer 24

Flexion

Question 25

reverse of flexion and refers to the movement in the sagittal plane that tends to increase the angle between segments forming joints

Answer 25

Extension

Question 26

refers to the movement in which the angle between segments is increase beyond 180 degrees

Answer 26

Hyperextension

Question 27

consists of a twisting movement of a segment around its axis

Answer 27

Rotation

Question 28

refers to the movement of an extremity towards the median plane

Answer 28

Adduction

Question 29

results from a combination of the preceding movements and may be defined as a movement in which the extremity describes a cone

Answer 29

Circumduction

Question 30

movement that tends to rotate an extremity so that the dorsum is up

Answer 30

Pronation

Question 31

movement that tends to rotate an extremity so that the palmar (volar) or plantar aspect of the limb is up.

Answer 31

Supination

Question 32

move only in the sagittal plane. Movements possible are: Flexion, Extension, and hyperextension

Answer 32

Ginglymus (hinge) joints

Question 33

have only a slight gliding movement between relatively flat opposed surface

Answer 33

Arthrodial joints

Question 34

rotary movement occur around one axis

Answer 34

Trochoid or pivot joint

Question 35

joint between the atlas and the axis bone of the cervical vertebrae

Answer 35

Atlanto-occipital joint

Question 36

joints which permits movement in nearly all direction

Answer 36

Spheroid joint

Question 37

convex articular condyles articulate with somewhat concave areas

Answer 37

Condylar (condyloid) joint

Question 38

articular surface that is expanded more in one direction than another, forming an ellipse.

Answer 38

Ellipsoid joint

Question 39

(human) joints found in the skull

Answer 39

Suture

Question 40

(human) joint between the mandible (jaw bone) and the temporal bone of the skull

Answer 40

Temporomandibular joint

Question 41

(human) joint between the skull and the first cervical vertebra of the neck

Answer 41

Atlanto-occipital joint

Question 42

(human) between adjacent vertebrae throughout the rest of the vertebral column

Answer 42

Symphyseal joint

Question 43

no true bony connection with the thorax

Answer 43

Scapular joint

Question 44

(scapulo-humeral joint) is a spheroid (ball and socket joint. Movements in all direction including rotation

Answer 44

Shoulder joint

Question 45

true ginglymus (hinge) joint formed by the condyles (spool-like distal end of the humerus) meeting the proximal end of the radius and ulna

Answer 45

Elbow Joint

Question 46

complex joint which not only permits flexion and extension between the radius and proximal row of the carpal bones, but also between the proximal and distal row of the carpal bones

Answer 46

Carpus joint (knee)

Question 47

formed by the distal end of the metacarpus, the proximal end of the first phalanx or long pastern bone

Answer 47

Fetlock joint

Question 48

gignlymus joint between the first and second phalanges

Answer 48

Pastern Joint

Question 49

formed by the second and third phalanges. Large encased in the hoof and is a ginglymus joint.

Answer 49

Coffin joint

Question 50

the only bony connection between the axial and appendicular skeleton

Answer 50

Sacroiliac joint

Question 51

is the only arthrodial type

Answer 51

Hip joint

Question 52

derived of synchondrosis:

Answer 52

syn: together chondrosis: cartilage

Question 53

derived of synostosis:

Answer 53

syn: together ostosis: bone

Question 54

derived Greek word of symphysis:

Answer 54

sumphusis = growing together