(continuation) Urinary System - Composition and Properties of Urine Flashcards
the examination of the physical and chemical properties of urine
Urinalysis
clear, almost colorless to deep amber- yellow color due to urochrome pigment from breakdown of hemoglobin (RBCs); other colors from foods, drugs, or diseases
Appearance
bacteria degrade urea to ammonia, and some foods impart aroma
Odor
pus in the urine
Pyuria
blood in urine due to urinary tract infection, trauma, or kidney stones
Hematuria
any chemical that increases urine volume
Diuretics
the volume of blood plasma from which a particular waste is completely removed in 1 minute
Renal clearance
a retroperitoneal, muscular tube that extends from the kidney to the urinary bladder
Ureters
connective tissue layer that connects the ureter to the surrounding surface
Adventitia
two layers of smooth muscle with third layer
in lower ureter
Muscularis
transitional epithelium, begins at minor calyces and extends through the bladder
Mucosa
muscular sac located on floor of pelvic cavity
Urinary bladder
conspicuous wrinkles in relaxed bladder
Rugae
hard granule of calcium phosphate, calcium oxalate, uric acid, or a magnesium salt called struvite
Renal calculus (kidney stone)
smooth-surfaced triangular area marked with openings of ureters and urethra
Trigone
infection of the urinary bladder
Cystitis
infection of the renal pelvis
Pyelitis
infection that reaches the cortex and the nephrons
Pyelonephritis
the act of urinating
Micturition
spinal reflex that partly controls urination
Micturition reflex
used to compress bladder
Valsalva maneuver
a state in which the kidneys cannot maintain homeostasis due to extensive destruction of their nephrons
Renal insufficiency
procedure for artificially clearing wastes from the blood
Hemodialysis
