(continuation) Urinary System - Composition and Properties of Urine

Question 1

the examination of the physical and chemical properties of urine

Answer 1

Urinalysis

Question 2

clear, almost colorless to deep amber- yellow color due to urochrome pigment from breakdown of hemoglobin (RBCs); other colors from foods, drugs, or diseases

Answer 2

Appearance

Question 3

bacteria degrade urea to ammonia, and some foods impart aroma

Answer 3

Odor

Question 4

pus in the urine

Answer 4

Pyuria

Question 5

blood in urine due to urinary tract infection, trauma, or kidney stones

Answer 5

Hematuria

Question 6

any chemical that increases urine volume

Answer 6

Diuretics

Question 7

the volume of blood plasma from which a particular waste is completely removed in 1 minute

Answer 7

Renal clearance

Question 8

a retroperitoneal, muscular tube that extends from the kidney to the urinary bladder

Answer 8

Ureters

Question 9

connective tissue layer that connects the ureter to the surrounding surface

Answer 9

Adventitia

Question 10

two layers of smooth muscle with third layer
in lower ureter

Answer 10

Muscularis

Question 11

transitional epithelium, begins at minor calyces and extends through the bladder

Answer 11

Mucosa

Question 12

muscular sac located on floor of pelvic cavity

Answer 12

Urinary bladder

Question 13

conspicuous wrinkles in relaxed bladder

Answer 13

Rugae

Question 14

hard granule of calcium phosphate, calcium oxalate, uric acid, or a magnesium salt called struvite

Answer 14

Renal calculus (kidney stone)

Question 14

smooth-surfaced triangular area marked with openings of ureters and urethra

Answer 14

Trigone

Question 15

infection of the urinary bladder

Answer 15

Cystitis

Question 16

infection of the renal pelvis

Answer 16

Pyelitis

Question 17

infection that reaches the cortex and the nephrons

Answer 17

Pyelonephritis

Question 18

the act of urinating

Answer 18

Micturition

Question 19

spinal reflex that partly controls urination

Answer 19

Micturition reflex

Question 20

used to compress bladder

Answer 20

Valsalva maneuver

Question 21

a state in which the kidneys cannot maintain homeostasis due to extensive destruction of their nephrons

Answer 21

Renal insufficiency

Question 22

procedure for artificially clearing wastes from the blood

Answer 22

Hemodialysis