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Zoology > Nervous System (continuation) > Flashcards

Nervous System (continuation) Flashcards

1
Q

Cerebrum Characteristics:

A
  • Largest portion of the brain

Divisions:
* Right Hemisphere
* Left Hemisphere

  • Lobes: frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal
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2
Q

surface of cerebrum, composed of gray matter

A

Cerebral Cortex

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3
Q

folds on the cerebral cortex that increase the surface area

A

Gyri

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4
Q

shallow indentations

A

Sulci

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5
Q

deep indentations

A

Fissure

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6
Q

Left hemisphere:
Right hemisphere:

A

Left hemisphere:
- controls the right side of the body
- responsible for math, analytic, and speech

Right hemisphere:
- controls the left side of the body
- responsible for music, art, abstract ideas

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7
Q

connection between 2 hemispheres

A

Corpus callosum

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8
Q

Lobes of Brain:

A
  • Frontal lobe
    • Location: front
    • Function: controls voluntary motor functions, aggression,
      moods, smell
  • Parietal lobe
    • Location: top
    • Function: evaluates sensory input such as touch, pain,
      pressure, temp., taste
  • Occipital lobe
    • Location: back
    • Function: vision
  • Temporal lobe
    • Location: sides
    • Function: hearing, smell, memory
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9
Q

controls balance, muscle tone, coordination of fine motor movement

A

Cerebellum

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10
Q

Sensory Functions:

A
  • CNS constantly receives sensory input
  • We are unaware of most sensory input
  • Sensory input is vital to our survival and normal functions
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11
Q

pathways in brain and spinal cord

A

Ascending Tracts

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12
Q
  • frontal lobe
  • control voluntary motor movement
A

Primary motor cortex

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13
Q
  • frontal lobe
  • where motor functions are organized before initiation
A

Premotor area

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14
Q

motivation and foresight to plan and initiate movement

A

Prefrontal area

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15
Q

Project from upper motor neurons in cerebral cortex to lower motor neurons in spinal cord and brainstem

A

Descending Tracts

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16
Q
  • Group of functionally related nuclei
  • Plan, organize, coordinate motor movements and posture
A

Basal Nuclei

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17
Q

where words are heard and comprehended

A

Sensory speech (Wernicke’s area)

18
Q

where words are formulated

A

Motor speech (Bronca’s area)

19
Q

electrodes plated on scalp to record brain’s electrical activity

A

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

20
Q

person is awake in quiet state

A

Alpha waves

21
Q

intense mental activity

A

Beta waves

22
Q

deep sleep

A

Delta waves

23
Q

brain waves in children

A

Theta waves

24
Q

brief retention of sensory input received by brain while something is scanned, evaluated, and acted up

A

Encoding

25
Q

data that has been encoded

A

Consolidated

26
Q

long term memory

A

Storage

27
Q

how often information is used

A

Retrieval

28
Q

information is retained for a few seconds or min.

A

Short-term memory

29
Q

can last for a few minutes or permanently

A

Long-term memory

30
Q

places or events

A

Episodic memory

31
Q

utilizing past memories

A

Learning

32
Q

protective wrapping around brain and spinal cord

A

Meninges

33
Q

infection of meninges (bacterial or viral)

A

Meningitis

34
Q

cavities in CNS that contain fluid

A

Ventricles

35
Q

2 categories of functions of cranial nerves:

A

sensory
motor

36
Q

Divisions of Peripheral Nervous System:

A

Afferent (Sensory):
collects input from the periphery and sends it to the CNS

Efferent (Motor):
carries processed input from CNS to the effector

37
Q

Divisions of Efferent (Motor):

A
  1. Autonomic nervous system:
    • response is automatic (involuntary)
    • controls smooth and cardiac muscles and glands
  2. Somatic nervous system:
    • response is voluntary
    • controls skeletal muscles
38
Q

activated during times of stress

A

Sympathetic

39
Q

activated under normal conditions

A

Parasympathetic

40
Q

2 sensory receptors of PNS:

A
  • somatic sensory receptors - monitor the outside world and our position in it
  • visceral sensory receptors - monitor the internal conditions and the status of other organ system
41
Q

effectors of the somatic nervous system

A

skeletal muscles

Zoology (28 decks)

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