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Zoology > Reproductive System > Flashcards

Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the Reproductive System

A
  1. Production of gametes
  2. Fertilization
  3. Development and nourishment of new individuals
  4. Production of sex hormones
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2
Q

the biological process by which new individual organisms are produced

A

Reproduction

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3
Q

The known methods of reproduction are broadly grouped into two main types:

A

Sexual reproduction - involves the fusion of two gametes
Asexual reproduction - involves one parent

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4
Q

genetic traits

A

Genotype

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5
Q

physical traits

A

Phenotype

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6
Q

triggers the milk of female

A

Oxytocin

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7
Q

it produce sperm and male sex hormones

A

Testes

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8
Q

it produce eggs and female sex hormone

A

Ovaries

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9
Q

it produce milk

A

Mammary glands

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10
Q

___________ lie outside the body in a pouch of skin called the scrotum, where they can maintain the optimum temperature for sperm production – approximately 5° F, lower than body temperature.

A

testicles

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11
Q

The ________ contains two testes
(testicles) where sperm are manufactured within tubes called seminiferous tubules, and the
two epididymides where sperm are stored.

A

Scrotum

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12
Q

Each testis has a mass of more than 800 tightly
looped and folded vessels known as ___________.

A

seminiferous tubules

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13
Q

Inside each seminiferous tubule, sperm begin as blob-like
cells called ____________ lining the inner wall.

A

spermatogonia

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14
Q

These pass through a larger stage, as
primary spermatocytes, then become smaller as secondary spermatocytes and begin to develop tails as ______.

A

spermatids

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15
Q

Sperm Count

A

A man will produce roughly 525 billion sperm during his whole lifetime and close to 1 billion per month.

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16
Q

A sperm is about _________ long,
but most of this is a tail.

The sperm head is only __________, about the
same size as a red blood cell.

A

1/500 inch

1/5000 inch

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17
Q

_______, also known as seminal fluid, is
much more than just sperm.

A

Semen

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18
Q

_______ is only about 5 to 10% of any given male single ejaculation and the rest is fructose (aka sugar), fatty acids, and proteins to nourish the sperm during their journey.

A

Sperm

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19
Q

The head contains the ________ with densely coiled chromatin fibers (________) and a front section

A

Nucleus
Chromosomes

20
Q

the ___________ containing enzymes for penetrating the female egg.

A

Acrosome

21
Q

The internal genitalia include a three-part system of ducts:

A
  • uterine tubes
  • uterus
  • vagina
22
Q

Fertilized eggs develop inside the ________.

A

uterus

23
Q

The female reproductive glands (ovaries)
are located within the ________.

A

abdomen

24
Q

The uterine tubes that connect the ovaries to the uterus.

A

Fallopian tubes or oviducts

25
Q

________ connects with the uterus.

A

Isthmus

26
Q

the vagina has three core functions:

A
  • it carries menstrual flow outside the body
  • it receives the male penis during sexual intercourse
  • it serves as a birth canal during labor
27
Q

During each menstrual cycle, ____________ causes one egg to begin development; this takes place inside a primary follicle.

A

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

28
Q

A surge of _____________ causes the follicle to rupture and release the ripe egg–this is ovulation.

A

luteinizing hormone (LH)

29
Q

a temporary source of hormones

A

corpus luteum

30
Q

Note that the egg has 2 layers that the sperm needs to get through:

A

Corona Radiata - irregular surface
Zona Pellucida - transparent but thicker layer

31
Q

The 23 chromosomes from the sperm pair with 23
chromosomes in the egg, forming a 46- chromosome cell called a ______.

A

zygote

32
Q

On day 15 after conception, the cells that will form the embryo become an _________. Other cells begin to form support structures.

A

embryonic disc

33
Q

The ________, on one side of the disc, will become part of the
digestive tract.

A

yolk sac

34
Q

the ______ fills with fluid and surrounds the
embryo as it develops.

A

amnion

35
Q

The fertilized egg passes along the fallopian tube.

A

zygote

36
Q

The zygote divides several times to form a solid blackberry-like cluster of 16–32 cells

A

morula

37
Q

About six days after fertilization, the cell cluster forms a hollow cavity called _______

A

blastocyst

38
Q

Embryonic disc develops three circular sheets called primary germ layers:

A
  • ectoderm
  • mesoderm
  • endoderm
39
Q

the earliest recognizable precursors of gametes

A

Primordial germ cells

40
Q

another hormone secreted by the placenta and placental membranes

A

Chorionic gonadotrophin

41
Q

a hormone that eases the joint between the two parts of the pelvis and helps dilate the cervix ready for birth

A

relaxin

42
Q

produced by the foal and placenta, and is only present when there is a living foal.

A

oestrone sulphate

43
Q

involves waves of uterine contractions that press the foetus against the cervix causing it to dilate.

A

Labor

44
Q

promotes the secretion of the milk

A

prolactin

45
Q

The first milk is called ________

A

colostrum

46
Q

a process of egg cells releasing chemical attractant (progesterone) to attract the sperm

A

Chemotaxis

Zoology (28 decks)

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