Reproductive System Flashcards
Functions of the Reproductive System
- Production of gametes
- Fertilization
- Development and nourishment of new individuals
- Production of sex hormones
the biological process by which new individual organisms are produced
Reproduction
The known methods of reproduction are broadly grouped into two main types:
Sexual reproduction - involves the fusion of two gametes
Asexual reproduction - involves one parent
genetic traits
Genotype
physical traits
Phenotype
triggers the milk of female
Oxytocin
it produce sperm and male sex hormones
Testes
it produce eggs and female sex hormone
Ovaries
it produce milk
Mammary glands
___________ lie outside the body in a pouch of skin called the scrotum, where they can maintain the optimum temperature for sperm production – approximately 5° F, lower than body temperature.
testicles
The ________ contains two testes
(testicles) where sperm are manufactured within tubes called seminiferous tubules, and the
two epididymides where sperm are stored.
Scrotum
Each testis has a mass of more than 800 tightly
looped and folded vessels known as ___________.
seminiferous tubules
Inside each seminiferous tubule, sperm begin as blob-like
cells called ____________ lining the inner wall.
spermatogonia
These pass through a larger stage, as
primary spermatocytes, then become smaller as secondary spermatocytes and begin to develop tails as ______.
spermatids
Sperm Count
A man will produce roughly 525 billion sperm during his whole lifetime and close to 1 billion per month.
A sperm is about _________ long,
but most of this is a tail.
The sperm head is only __________, about the
same size as a red blood cell.
1/500 inch
1/5000 inch
_______, also known as seminal fluid, is
much more than just sperm.
Semen
_______ is only about 5 to 10% of any given male single ejaculation and the rest is fructose (aka sugar), fatty acids, and proteins to nourish the sperm during their journey.
Sperm
The head contains the ________ with densely coiled chromatin fibers (________) and a front section
Nucleus
Chromosomes
the ___________ containing enzymes for penetrating the female egg.
Acrosome
The internal genitalia include a three-part system of ducts:
- uterine tubes
- uterus
- vagina
Fertilized eggs develop inside the ________.
uterus
The female reproductive glands (ovaries)
are located within the ________.
abdomen
The uterine tubes that connect the ovaries to the uterus.
Fallopian tubes or oviducts
________ connects with the uterus.
Isthmus
the vagina has three core functions:
- it carries menstrual flow outside the body
- it receives the male penis during sexual intercourse
- it serves as a birth canal during labor
During each menstrual cycle, ____________ causes one egg to begin development; this takes place inside a primary follicle.
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
A surge of _____________ causes the follicle to rupture and release the ripe egg–this is ovulation.
luteinizing hormone (LH)
a temporary source of hormones
corpus luteum
Note that the egg has 2 layers that the sperm needs to get through:
Corona Radiata - irregular surface
Zona Pellucida - transparent but thicker layer
The 23 chromosomes from the sperm pair with 23
chromosomes in the egg, forming a 46- chromosome cell called a ______.
zygote
On day 15 after conception, the cells that will form the embryo become an _________. Other cells begin to form support structures.
embryonic disc
The ________, on one side of the disc, will become part of the
digestive tract.
yolk sac
the ______ fills with fluid and surrounds the
embryo as it develops.
amnion
The fertilized egg passes along the fallopian tube.
zygote
The zygote divides several times to form a solid blackberry-like cluster of 16–32 cells
morula
About six days after fertilization, the cell cluster forms a hollow cavity called _______
blastocyst
Embryonic disc develops three circular sheets called primary germ layers:
- ectoderm
- mesoderm
- endoderm
the earliest recognizable precursors of gametes
Primordial germ cells
another hormone secreted by the placenta and placental membranes
Chorionic gonadotrophin
a hormone that eases the joint between the two parts of the pelvis and helps dilate the cervix ready for birth
relaxin
produced by the foal and placenta, and is only present when there is a living foal.
oestrone sulphate
involves waves of uterine contractions that press the foetus against the cervix causing it to dilate.
Labor
promotes the secretion of the milk
prolactin
The first milk is called ________
colostrum
a process of egg cells releasing chemical attractant (progesterone) to attract the sperm
Chemotaxis
