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Animal Health Science 1 > Upper respiratory tract AHS1 > Flashcards

Upper respiratory tract AHS1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What supports the nostrils?

A

Alar cartilage (elastic)

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2
Q

What is the name of the splanchnic bone in the pigs nose?

A

Os rostrale

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3
Q

What is the line called that goes between the nostrils and what animals is it in?

A

Philtrum (not the septum)

Carnivores

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4
Q

What is the name of the plate on an cows nose?

A

Nasolabial plate

Joins to the lip

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5
Q

What is the name of the scrolls of bone in the nose?

A

Conchae

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6
Q

What is the name of the specialised conchae nearest to the brain? What do they do?

A

Ethmoconchae

Olfaction - smell

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7
Q

What is the name of the passages through the conchae?

A

Meatuses

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8
Q

What are the 4 meatuses?

A

Common
Dorsal
Middle
Ventral

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9
Q

Where is the common meatus found?

A

Nearest to the cartilaginous septum

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10
Q

Where does the dorsal meatus lead? What does it do?

A

Leads to the frontal sinus (except in horses)

Allows the fontal sinus to drain into the nasal cavity

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11
Q

Where does the middle meatus lead?

A

To the ethmoconchae

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12
Q

Where does the ventral meatus lead?

A

To the nasopharynx

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13
Q

What is important about the ventral meatus in horses?

A

Must pass the stomach tube through the ventral meatus or will come to a dead end

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14
Q

What are paranasal sinuses?

A

Air filled spaces in the skull bone (pneumatic)

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15
Q

Which are the two most important paranasal sinuses?

A

The frontal sinus and the maxillary sinus

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16
Q

What are the species differences in the paranasal sinuses?

A

Dogs - poorly developed

Horses - extensive

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17
Q

What is the main structure of the sinuses in the horse?

A

Large frontal sinus

Maxillary sinus is split into rostral and caudal parts

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18
Q

What does the frontal sinus drain through in a horse?

A

The naso-maxillary opening into the maxillary sinuses

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19
Q

What is bad about the maxillary sinuses?

A

Close proximity to teeth so susceptible to infection

Poor drainage

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20
Q

What is the pharynx divided into and what divides it?

A

Naso and oro pharynx and the soft palette

21
Q

What does the hyoid apparatus do?

A

Supports the larynx and tongue from the skull

22
Q

How can the bones of the hyoid apparatus be remembered?

A

The Sick Elephant Can Be Treated

23
Q

What are the 6 parts of the hyoid apparatus?

A 
Tympanohyoid
Stylohyoid
Epihyoid
Ceratohyoid
Basihyoid
Thyrohyoid
24
Q

Which part of the hyoid apparatus is cartilage?

A

Tympanohyoid

25
Q

Where does the hyoid apparatus join to the skull?

A

The Tympanohyoid cartilage articulates with the mastoid process

26
Q

What is different about the basihyoid bone?

A

The only unpaired one

The lingual process comes off it in large animals to help support the tongue

27
Q

Where does the thyrohyoid bone articulate?

A

With the thyroid cartilage of the larynx

28
Q

What are the 4 main pieces of cartilage that form the larynx?

A

Epiglottis
Thyroid cartilage
Arytenoid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage

29
Q

What is the epiglottis made of?

A

Elastic cartilage

30
Q

Where is the epiglottis found?

A

Most rostral part of the larynx

31
Q

What is the function of the epiglottis?

A

It covers the entrance to the larynx when swallowing

32
Q

What is different about the epiglottis in horses?

A

It is retrovelar - behind the soft palette

This is why horses are obligate nasal breathers (cant breathe through their mouth)

33
Q

What is the structure of the thyroid cartilage?

A

Made up of two sheets called lamina that are fused ventrally to form a U shape

34
Q

What does the thyroid apparatus articulate with?

A

Dorsocranially (front) - thyrohyoid bone

Dorsocaudally (back) - cricoid cartilage

35
Q

What is the structure of the arytenoid cartilage?

A

2 paired parts which are an irregular shape with many processes

36
Q

Where does the arytenoid cartilage articulate?

A

With the cricoid cartilage on the medial surface

Look perpendicular to the larynx

37
Q

What is the arytenoid cartilages function?

A

To open and close the glottis (airway)

To attach to the vocal ligament

38
Q

What is the shape of the cricoid cartilage?

A

Signet ring shaped - broader dorsally (at top) than it is ventrally

39
Q

What does the cricoid cartilage articulate with?

A

Articulates with both the thyroid cartilage and the arytenoid cartilages
Articulates caudally with the trachea

40
Q

What is the main intrinsic laryngeal muscle?

A

Dorsal cricoarytenoideus muscle

41
Q

What does the dorsal cricoarytenoideus muscle attach to?

A

From the dorsal surface of the cricoid to the arytenoid cartilage

42
Q

What is the function of the dorsal cricoarytenoideus muscle?

A

Abducts the vocal ligaments to enlarge the glottis by rotating the arytenoid cartilage

43
Q

What are the laryngeal muscles innervated by?

A

The recurrent laryngeal nerve

44
Q

What is laryngeal hemiplegia?

A

Where damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve paralyses the dorsal cricoarytenoideus muscle which impedes air flow

45
Q

What is the name of the muscle that bridges the gap in the cartilaginous rings in the trachea?

A

The trachealis muscle

46
Q

In carnivores which side does the trachealis muscle attach?

A

On the outside

47
Q

What is the guttural pouch?

A

Only in horses

It connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx

48
Q

What is the guttural pouch susceptible to?

A

Mycotic (fungal) infections

Important because lots of important nerves and blood vessels pass through it

Animal Health Science 1 (33 decks)

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