Oral cavity AHS1 Flashcards
What is imbibition? What are the different ways?
Drinking
Lapping
Sucking
What are the boundaries of the oral cavity?
Lips to pharynx
What are the boundaries of the vestibule?
The space between the lips/cheeks and the teeth
Where is the oral cavity proper?
The space within the teeth
What is the oral cavity bound dorsally by?
The hard and soft palate
What is periodontal disease?
Disease surrounding mouth structures
What is quidding?
Spilling food from mouth during eating
What are the species that have sensitive and mobile lips so are good at prehension?
Horse and rabbit
What is the orbicular muscle and what is it innervated by?
The circular muscle that surrounds the lips and the facial nerve
What are the bumps on the tongue called?
Papillae
Which papillae dont have taste buds associated with the?
Conical (at the back) and filiform (at the front)
What are the 4 types of papillae?
Conical
Vallate
Fungiform
Filiform
What are papillae covered in?
Stratified squamous epithelium
What are the three regions of the tongue called?
Apex - most rostral free end
Body
Root - caudal part
What is the root of the tongue attached to?
The hyoid bone
What is the body of the tongue attached to?
The mandible by the frenulum
What supports the tongue in ruminants?
The lingual process
What is the torus linguae?
In cattle the projection at the back of the tongue that causes two bumps with a dent in the middle
What is the name of the dent in the middle of the tongue in cattle?
Lingual fossa
What does intrinsic muscle mean?
Originate and insert in the same place, inside the same thing
What is the main muscle in the tongue (its intrinsic)?
Lingualis proprius
What makes up the lingualis proprius?
Fibres orientated in three directions so that it can be moved in all directions
What are the three main extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
Where is the genioglossus coming from and what action does it do?
It comes from the chin - mandibular symphysis
It attaches to the body of the tongue
It protracts the tongue (pulls it forward)
Where is the hyoglossus coming from and what action does it do?
It comes from the basihyoid bone to the root of the tongue
It retracts and depresses tongue
Where is the Styloglossus coming from and what action does it do?
It comes from the stylohyoid bone to body and root of the tongue
It retracts and elevates the tongue
What are the muscles of the hyoid apparatus that help with swallowing?
Geniohyoideus
Stylohyoideus
What is the motor nerve that innervates the tongue?
Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
What is the sensory nerve that innervates the rostral 2/3 of the tongue that detects taste?
Facial nerve
What is the sensory nerve that innervates the rostral 2/3 of the tongue that detects general sensation?
Trigeminal nerve
What is the sensory nerve that innervates the caudal 1/3 of the tongue that detects both taste and general sensation?
Glossopharyngeal nerve
What is the artery that supplies blood to the tongue?
Lingual artery
A branch of the external carotid artery
What are the major salivary glands (have long ducts)?
Parotid
Mandibular
Sublingual
Where is the parotid salivary gland located?
Y shaped structure just below the ear
Where does the Parotid duct exit?
Fourth upper premolar/carnassial tooth in the dog
Where is the mandibular salivary gland located?
Capsule underneath the parotid duct
Where is the mandibular duct exit located?
Either side of the lingual frenulum
What are the two parts of the sublingual salivary gland?
The monostomatic/compact part
The polystomatic/diffuse part
Where is the monostomatic/compact part located?
Housed within the capsule of the mandibular salivary gland
Where is the polystomatic/diffuse part located?
Distributed along in the mucosa in the floor of the oral cavity
What are the three minor ducts and where are they located?
Labial
Lingual
Buccal - cheek
In the walls of the oral cavity and oropharynx
What is the salivary gland that is only found in dogs and cats?
Zygomatic gland
By cheekbone
Closely associated with the eye
Where does the parotid gland run in horses?
Ventral to the back of the mandible
What is the palatopharyngeal arch?
It is a band of tissue (mucosa) coming from the soft palate to the pharynx
What is the palatinus muscle?
Muscle in the Palatopharyngeal arch that can contract
What occurs in the voluntary stage of deglutition?
The tongue pushes the bolus against the hard palate using the hyoglossus and the Styloglossus. This forces it towards the pharynx
What occurs in the involuntary stage of deglutition?
The geniohyoid muscle pulls the hyoid cranially
This pulls the epiglottis back to close over the glottis
The soft palate raises to close off the nasal cavity
Bolus passes over epiglottis into the pharynx
Pharynx constricts to push bolus into oesophagus
What does the dilator muscle do when swallowing?
Helps the bolus enter the larynx
What does the constrictor muscles do when swallowing?
Constrict the pharynx to push the bolus into the oesophagus
What motor nerve innervates the pharynx?
Vagus Nerve (X)
What sensory nerve innervates the pharynx?
Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) - detects the bolus touching the pharynx and starts the reflex
What is grass sickness?
Problem with swallowing such as if the oesophagus cant contract to push food down caused by bacteria
How can you tell if the stomach tube is in the oesophagus?
It will have resistance when sucking on it
Can also feel tracheal rings when in the trachea
What type of epithelium is lining the oesophagus?
Stratified squamous epithelium
Thick and protective - keratinised
Where is the oesophagus in relation to the trachea?
To the left
Where is the oesophagus in relation to the aorta?
Ventral to the aorta
Where is the oesophagus in relation to the caudal vena cava?
Dorsal to the caudal vena cava
