Development of the urinary tract AHS1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What embryological structure is most of the urogenital tract derived from?

A

The intermediate mesoderm at the urogenital ridge

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2
Q

What is the epithelial lining of the bladder and urethra derived from?

A

The endoderm because they come from the end of the hindgut

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3
Q

What is the cloaca?

A

The end of the digestive, urinary and reproductive tracts where they all come to the same point

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4
Q

What are the 3 stages of kidney development?

A

Pronephros (v short)
Mesonephros (fish stop here)
Metanephros

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5
Q

What develops in pronephros?

A

The pronephric tubule (non functional)

A duct to the cloaca

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6
Q

Where does the kidney initially develop in pronephros?

A

In the cervical (neck) region

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7
Q

Where does the mesonephros develop from?

A

The urogenital ridge in the thoracic and lumbar region

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8
Q

What occurs during metanephros?

A

The mesonephros develops a simple nephron structure

Blood vessels invade from the aorta

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9
Q

What happens to the mesonephros in most animals?

A

It will be replaced by the third stage kidney (metanephros)

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10
Q

What is the duct called in mesonephros?

A

The mesonephric duct

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11
Q

Where does the majority of the metanephric kidney develop from?

A

The urogenital ridge in the lumbar region

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12
Q

Where does the ureter develop from?

A

The ureteric bud that comes off the mesonephric duct

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13
Q

What parts of the kidney are derived from the mesonephros?

A

Ureter
Renal pelvis
Calices
Collecting ducts

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14
Q

Where does the kidneys capillaries come from?

A

Invaginations from the renal artery

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15
Q

What type of kidney is initially made?

A

Multipyramidal

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16
Q

What embryological layer is the bladder formed from and why?

A

The endoderm because it is formed from part of the gut tube

17
Q

What is the urorectal septum?

A

It divides the urinary tract/bladder from the digestive tract/rectum
Means there are two holes

18
Q

What is the bladder formed from?

A

The allantoic bud

19
Q

In what animals does the cloaca remain as one chamber?

A

Birds and reptiles

20
Q

What does the caudal part of the allantoic bud form?

A

The urethra

21
Q

What does the central part of the allantoic bud form?

A

The bladder

22
Q

What does the cranial part of the allantoic bud form?

A

The urachus

23
Q

What is the urachus?

A

It allows the foetus to remove urine into the surrounding sac
It closes in later development

24
Q

What are the non-epithelial parts of the urinary tract derived from?

A

The splanchnic (meaning visceral) lateral plate mesoderm

25
Q

What is the bladder trigone derived from?

A

Mesoderm rather than endoderm due to the mesonephric duct converging with the bladder wall

26
Q

What embryological structure forms the lateral vesicle ligaments?

A

The umbilical arteries

27
Q

What embryological structure forms the median vesicle ligament?

A

The urachus

28
Q

What happens when the urachus fails to close?

A

Patent urachus - urine comes out of umbilicus

29
Q

What happens when the urachus partially closes?

A

Urachal diverticulum - Possible site for infection because things can get stuck in the blind ending tube