Heart AHS1 Flashcards
Where is the heart skeleton located?
Between the atria and the ventricles
What is the function of the heart skeleton?
Electrical insulation
Supports valves and surrounding muscles
What is the splanchnic bone in ruminants hearts?
Ossa cordis
What is the name for heart grooves?
Sulci
What is the name of the groove that divides the ventricles under the left auricle?
Left interventricular groove
Paraconal groove
What is the name of the groove that circles the heart?
Coronary groove
What is the name of the smaller groove on the right hand side?
Right interventricular groove
Subsinuosal groove
How can you tell it’s the left side of the heart?
You can see both auracles
The aorta is going caudally
You can see the cone shaped exit of the right ventricle
What is the ligament that connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta?
Ligamentum arteriosum
What is the connection between the pulmonary artery and the aorta called when its in a foetus? What is its function?
Ductus arteriosus
Bypasses the lungs
Where do the pulmonary veins drain into?
The left atrium
What is the muscle that makes up auricles?
Pectinate muscle
What is the coronary sinus and where is it located?
It drains the coronary veins from the heart wall
It is located in the right atrium
What is the name of the triangle directing blood flow down to atria and where is it located?
Intervenous tubercle
Located where the cranial and caudal vena cava are opposite each other so reduces turbulence
What is the name of the hole in the heart in a foetus? What is its function?
The foramen ovale
Allows better blood flow due to not going to the lungs
What is the name of the hole in the heart once it has closed up?
Fossa ovalis
What is the name of the right AV valve?
Tricuspid
3 cusps
What is the name of the left AV valve?
Bicuspid
2 cusps
What are the heart strings called?
Chordae tendinae
What are the cusps made from?
Folds in the endocardium
What are the muscles that connect to the heart strings called?
Papillary muscles
What is the papillary muscles function?
They prevent the valves from inverting
What are the muscular ridges on the ventricle walls called?
Trabeculae carnae
What are the thin strings of muscle across the ventricles called? Where are they mainly found?
Trabeculae septomarginalis
Right ventricle
What is the function of trabeculae spetomarginalis?
Shortcut for action potentials to make sure that all parts of the ventricle contract at the same time
What is the cone shaped exit to the pulmonary trunk called?
Conus arteriosus
What is the valve at the exit to the pulmonary trunk in the right ventricle called? How many cusps does it have?
The pulmonary valve
Semilunar valve
3 cusps
What is the difference between the actions of the left and right ventricles?
Right has a bellows action whereas the left has a circular squeezing action
What is the valve called going into the aorta form the left ventricle?
Aortic valve
Semilunar valve
3 cusps
What is it called when the coronary arteries are blocked?
Myocardial infarction
Where does the right coronary artery arise?
Above the cranial cusp of the aortic valve
Where does the left coronary artery arise?
Above the caudal sinistral (left) cusp of the aortic valve
What does the left coronary artery split into?
The left interventricular (paraconal) branch which goes down the “ groove.
The circumflex branch which travels around in the coronary groove. It goes down the right interventricular groove in dogs and ruminants.
What does the left coronary artery go under?
The left auricle
What does the right coronary artery do?
Goes around heart to supply the right atrium and the SAN
Very important - artery of sudden death
What are the species differences in the right coronary artery?
The dog and ruminant is short
The pig and horse goes down the right interventricular groove
What is the name of the vein in the left interventricular (paraconal) groove?
Great cardiac vein
What drains the coronary veins?
Coronary sinus
What is the name of the vein which is in the right interventricular (subsinosal) groove?
Middle cardiac vein
What is the arterial supply to the diaphragm?
Musculo-phrenic artery
Comes from the internal thoracic artery
What veins drain the diaphragm?
Phrenic veins
What nerve supplies the diaphragm?
Phrenic nerve
What are the 3 main holes in the diaphragm?
Aortic hiatus
Oesophageal hiatus
Caval foramen
What comes through the aortic hiatus?
Aorta
Azygous vein
Cisterna chyli - lymphatic
What comes through the oesophageal hiatus?
Oesophagus
Dorsal and ventral vagus trunks of the vagus nerve
What comes through the caval foramen?
Caudal vena cava
What also attach to the diaphragm?
The left and right phrenic nerves
