Pelvic Cavity AHS1

Question 1

What is the descriptive name for the ring that is on the outside of the body?

Answer 1

External/superficial

Question 2

What is the name of the main canal of the pelvic cavity?

Answer 2

The inguinal canal

Question 3

Where does the inguinal canal perforate?

Answer 3

The abdominal walls bilaterally in the region of the groin

Question 4

What goes through the inguinal canal?

Answer 4

VETMEDG
Vaginal tunic
External cremaster muscle
Testicular artery, vein and nerve
Mesoductus and mesorchium
External pudendal vessels 
Ductus deferens
Genitofemoral nerve

Question 5

What is the term for when the testes fail to descend?

Answer 5

Cryptorchidism

Question 6

Where is the external inguinal ring found?

Answer 6

There is a split in the EAO aponeurosis between the pelvic tendon and the abdominal tendon of the EAO aponeurosis

Question 7

What is the inguinal ligament?

Answer 7

The caudal edge of the pelvic tendon

Question 8

What is the pelvic tendon?

Answer 8

An attachment between the EAO aponeurosis and the ilium

Question 9

What are the borders of the external inguinal ring?

Answer 9

The pelvic tendon and the abdominal tendon of the EAO aponeurosis

Question 10

What are the borders of the internal inguinal ring?

Answer 10

The caudal edge of the IAO and the inguinal ligament (caudal edge of the pelvic tendon)

Question 11

What is the outpouching of peritoneum through the inguinal canal called?

Answer 11

Vaginal process/tunic

Question 12

What does the vaginal tunic do in the male?

Answer 12

Envelops the testes

Question 13

What is a closed inguinal canal?

Answer 13

When the internal and external inguinal rings are not overlapping

Question 14

What is an open inguinal canal?

Answer 14

When the two rings are on top of each other so leaves a hole

Question 15

What can you do with a closed inguinal canal that you cant with an open one?

Answer 15

Perform an open castration that wont cause a hernia

Question 16

What animals have closed inguinal canals?

Answer 16

Dogs, cats, cows and horses (care as horses easily herniate)

Question 17

What animals have open inguinal canals?

Answer 17

Pigs, guinea pigs and rabbits

Question 18

What is the femoral canal?

Answer 18

An opening that supplies blood and nervous supply to the hindlimb

Question 19

Where is the femoral canal found?

Answer 19

It is lateral and dorsal to the inguinal canal

Question 20

What are the borders of the femoral canal?

Answer 20

The inguinal ligament
The ilium
The rectus abdominis and prepubic tendon

Question 21

What is the prepubic tendon?

Answer 21

The tendon that attaches the rectus abdominis to the pubis

Question 22

What goes through the femoral canal?

Answer 22

femoral artery (from the external iliac artery)
Femoral vein
Femoral nerve
Iliopsoas muscle

Question 23

What lymph node is located in the femoral canal?

Answer 23

The deep inguinal lymph node

Question 24

What is the sacrum?

Answer 24

The large triangular bond at the base of the spine situated between the ilium

Question 25

What is the name of the ligament that connects the sacrum to the ischial tubers in the dog?

Answer 25

Sacrotuberous ligament

Question 26

Is there a sacrotuberous ligament in cats?

Answer 26

No they are too small to need it

Question 27

What is the equivalent ligament in large animals?

Answer 27

The sacrosciatic ligament

Question 28

What shape in the sacrosciatic ligament and what does it attach to?

Answer 28

It is a broad ligament | Connects the ilium, ischium and ischial tubers to the sacrum

Question 29

What is the triangular depression between the tuber ischii and the anus called?

Answer 29

The ischiorectal fossa (used to show BCS)

Question 30

What is the function of the ischiorectal fossa?

Answer 30

Supplies the external structures of the pelvis

Question 31

What structures pass through the ishiorectal fossa?

Answer 31

Caudal gluteal blood vessels Internal pudendal blood vessels Pudendal nerve

Question 32

What is the pelvic outlet?

Answer 32

The exit of gastrointestinal, genital and urinary tracts

Question 33

What is the pelvic outlet made up of?

Answer 33

The pelvic girdle - bones | The perineum - soft tissue/muscles part

Question 34

What is the function of the perineum?

Answer 34

It closes the pelvic outlet caudally

Question 35

What makes up the perineum?

Answer 35

The pelvic diaphragm and the urogenital diaphragm

Question 36

What is the pelvic diaphragm?

Answer 36

It is the muscles of the tail | It is the dorsal part of the pelvic outlet

Question 37

What muscles make up the pelvic diaphragm?

Answer 37

The coccygeus and levator ani

Question 38

Where is the coccygeus muscle located in the pelvic diaphragm?

Answer 38

More lateral

Question 39

Where is the levator ani muscle located in the pelvic diaphragm?

Answer 39

It is more medial/underneath coccygeus

Question 40

Where does the coccygeus originate from?

Answer 40

The spine of the ischium

Question 41

Where does the levator ani originate from?

Answer 41

The pubic symphysis

Question 42

What is the function of the pelvic diaphragm?

Answer 42

It pulls the tail from side to side or down if they both contract

Question 43

What is the urogenital diaphragm?

Answer 43

The muscles associated with the external genitalia | It is the ventral part of the pelvic outlet

Question 44

What is the function of the urogenital diaphragm?

Answer 44

It fixes exerything in position eg. the reproductive tract is fixed to prevent movement during parturition and birth

Question 45

What are the muscles of the urogenital diaphragm?

Answer 45

``` External anal sphincter Ischiocavernosus Ischiourethralis Bulbospongiosus Retractor penis ```

Question 46

What is the ischiourethralis muscle?

Answer 46

It connects the urethra to the ischium laterally | It aids with erection

Question 47

What is the ischiocavernosus muscle?

Answer 47

Alongside the bulbospongiosus | It aids with erection

Question 48

Where are anal sacs found and what is their function?

Answer 48

They are found alongside the internal anal sphincter | They are for scent marking and identification

Question 49

Why do anal sacs become impacted?

Answer 49

Obesity Soft faeces Narrow ducts Breed