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Animal Health Science 1 > Pelvic Cavity AHS1 > Flashcards

Pelvic Cavity AHS1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the descriptive name for the ring that is on the outside of the body?

A

External/superficial

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2
Q

What is the name of the main canal of the pelvic cavity?

A

The inguinal canal

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3
Q

Where does the inguinal canal perforate?

A

The abdominal walls bilaterally in the region of the groin

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4
Q

What goes through the inguinal canal?

A 
VETMEDG
Vaginal tunic
External cremaster muscle
Testicular artery, vein and nerve
Mesoductus and mesorchium
External pudendal vessels 
Ductus deferens
Genitofemoral nerve
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5
Q

What is the term for when the testes fail to descend?

A

Cryptorchidism

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6
Q

Where is the external inguinal ring found?

A

There is a split in the EAO aponeurosis between the pelvic tendon and the abdominal tendon of the EAO aponeurosis

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7
Q

What is the inguinal ligament?

A

The caudal edge of the pelvic tendon

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8
Q

What is the pelvic tendon?

A

An attachment between the EAO aponeurosis and the ilium

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9
Q

What are the borders of the external inguinal ring?

A

The pelvic tendon and the abdominal tendon of the EAO aponeurosis

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10
Q

What are the borders of the internal inguinal ring?

A

The caudal edge of the IAO and the inguinal ligament (caudal edge of the pelvic tendon)

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11
Q

What is the outpouching of peritoneum through the inguinal canal called?

A

Vaginal process/tunic

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12
Q

What does the vaginal tunic do in the male?

A

Envelops the testes

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13
Q

What is a closed inguinal canal?

A

When the internal and external inguinal rings are not overlapping

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14
Q

What is an open inguinal canal?

A

When the two rings are on top of each other so leaves a hole

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15
Q

What can you do with a closed inguinal canal that you cant with an open one?

A

Perform an open castration that wont cause a hernia

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16
Q

What animals have closed inguinal canals?

A

Dogs, cats, cows and horses (care as horses easily herniate)

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17
Q

What animals have open inguinal canals?

A

Pigs, guinea pigs and rabbits

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18
Q

What is the femoral canal?

A

An opening that supplies blood and nervous supply to the hindlimb

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19
Q

Where is the femoral canal found?

A

It is lateral and dorsal to the inguinal canal

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20
Q

What are the borders of the femoral canal?

A

The inguinal ligament
The ilium
The rectus abdominis and prepubic tendon

21
Q

What is the prepubic tendon?

A

The tendon that attaches the rectus abdominis to the pubis

22
Q

What goes through the femoral canal?

A

femoral artery (from the external iliac artery)
Femoral vein
Femoral nerve
Iliopsoas muscle

23
Q

What lymph node is located in the femoral canal?

A

The deep inguinal lymph node

24
Q

What is the sacrum?

A

The large triangular bond at the base of the spine situated between the ilium

25
Q

What is the name of the ligament that connects the sacrum to the ischial tubers in the dog?

A

Sacrotuberous ligament

26
Q

Is there a sacrotuberous ligament in cats?

A

No they are too small to need it

27
Q

What is the equivalent ligament in large animals?

A

The sacrosciatic ligament

28
Q

What shape in the sacrosciatic ligament and what does it attach to?

A

It is a broad ligament

Connects the ilium, ischium and ischial tubers to the sacrum

29
Q

What is the triangular depression between the tuber ischii and the anus called?

A

The ischiorectal fossa (used to show BCS)

30
Q

What is the function of the ischiorectal fossa?

A

Supplies the external structures of the pelvis

31
Q

What structures pass through the ishiorectal fossa?

A

Caudal gluteal blood vessels
Internal pudendal blood vessels
Pudendal nerve

32
Q

What is the pelvic outlet?

A

The exit of gastrointestinal, genital and urinary tracts

33
Q

What is the pelvic outlet made up of?

A

The pelvic girdle - bones

The perineum - soft tissue/muscles part

34
Q

What is the function of the perineum?

A

It closes the pelvic outlet caudally

35
Q

What makes up the perineum?

A

The pelvic diaphragm and the urogenital diaphragm

36
Q

What is the pelvic diaphragm?

A

It is the muscles of the tail

It is the dorsal part of the pelvic outlet

37
Q

What muscles make up the pelvic diaphragm?

A

The coccygeus and levator ani

38
Q

Where is the coccygeus muscle located in the pelvic diaphragm?

A

More lateral

39
Q

Where is the levator ani muscle located in the pelvic diaphragm?

A

It is more medial/underneath coccygeus

40
Q

Where does the coccygeus originate from?

A

The spine of the ischium

41
Q

Where does the levator ani originate from?

A

The pubic symphysis

42
Q

What is the function of the pelvic diaphragm?

A

It pulls the tail from side to side or down if they both contract

43
Q

What is the urogenital diaphragm?

A

The muscles associated with the external genitalia

It is the ventral part of the pelvic outlet

44
Q

What is the function of the urogenital diaphragm?

A

It fixes exerything in position eg. the reproductive tract is fixed to prevent movement during parturition and birth

45
Q

What are the muscles of the urogenital diaphragm?

A 
External anal sphincter
Ischiocavernosus
Ischiourethralis
Bulbospongiosus
Retractor penis
46
Q

What is the ischiourethralis muscle?

A

It connects the urethra to the ischium laterally

It aids with erection

47
Q

What is the ischiocavernosus muscle?

A

Alongside the bulbospongiosus

It aids with erection

48
Q

Where are anal sacs found and what is their function?

A

They are found alongside the internal anal sphincter

They are for scent marking and identification

49
Q

Why do anal sacs become impacted?

A

Obesity
Soft faeces
Narrow ducts
Breed

Animal Health Science 1 (33 decks)

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