Pelvic Cavity AHS1 Flashcards
What is the descriptive name for the ring that is on the outside of the body?
External/superficial
What is the name of the main canal of the pelvic cavity?
The inguinal canal
Where does the inguinal canal perforate?
The abdominal walls bilaterally in the region of the groin
What goes through the inguinal canal?
VETMEDG Vaginal tunic External cremaster muscle Testicular artery, vein and nerve Mesoductus and mesorchium External pudendal vessels Ductus deferens Genitofemoral nerve
What is the term for when the testes fail to descend?
Cryptorchidism
Where is the external inguinal ring found?
There is a split in the EAO aponeurosis between the pelvic tendon and the abdominal tendon of the EAO aponeurosis
What is the inguinal ligament?
The caudal edge of the pelvic tendon
What is the pelvic tendon?
An attachment between the EAO aponeurosis and the ilium
What are the borders of the external inguinal ring?
The pelvic tendon and the abdominal tendon of the EAO aponeurosis
What are the borders of the internal inguinal ring?
The caudal edge of the IAO and the inguinal ligament (caudal edge of the pelvic tendon)
What is the outpouching of peritoneum through the inguinal canal called?
Vaginal process/tunic
What does the vaginal tunic do in the male?
Envelops the testes
What is a closed inguinal canal?
When the internal and external inguinal rings are not overlapping
What is an open inguinal canal?
When the two rings are on top of each other so leaves a hole
What can you do with a closed inguinal canal that you cant with an open one?
Perform an open castration that wont cause a hernia
What animals have closed inguinal canals?
Dogs, cats, cows and horses (care as horses easily herniate)
What animals have open inguinal canals?
Pigs, guinea pigs and rabbits
What is the femoral canal?
An opening that supplies blood and nervous supply to the hindlimb
Where is the femoral canal found?
It is lateral and dorsal to the inguinal canal
What are the borders of the femoral canal?
The inguinal ligament
The ilium
The rectus abdominis and prepubic tendon
What is the prepubic tendon?
The tendon that attaches the rectus abdominis to the pubis
What goes through the femoral canal?
femoral artery (from the external iliac artery)
Femoral vein
Femoral nerve
Iliopsoas muscle
What lymph node is located in the femoral canal?
The deep inguinal lymph node
What is the sacrum?
The large triangular bond at the base of the spine situated between the ilium
What is the name of the ligament that connects the sacrum to the ischial tubers in the dog?
Sacrotuberous ligament
Is there a sacrotuberous ligament in cats?
No they are too small to need it
What is the equivalent ligament in large animals?
The sacrosciatic ligament
What shape in the sacrosciatic ligament and what does it attach to?
It is a broad ligament
Connects the ilium, ischium and ischial tubers to the sacrum
What is the triangular depression between the tuber ischii and the anus called?
The ischiorectal fossa (used to show BCS)
What is the function of the ischiorectal fossa?
Supplies the external structures of the pelvis
What structures pass through the ishiorectal fossa?
Caudal gluteal blood vessels
Internal pudendal blood vessels
Pudendal nerve
What is the pelvic outlet?
The exit of gastrointestinal, genital and urinary tracts
What is the pelvic outlet made up of?
The pelvic girdle - bones
The perineum - soft tissue/muscles part
What is the function of the perineum?
It closes the pelvic outlet caudally
What makes up the perineum?
The pelvic diaphragm and the urogenital diaphragm
What is the pelvic diaphragm?
It is the muscles of the tail
It is the dorsal part of the pelvic outlet
What muscles make up the pelvic diaphragm?
The coccygeus and levator ani
Where is the coccygeus muscle located in the pelvic diaphragm?
More lateral
Where is the levator ani muscle located in the pelvic diaphragm?
It is more medial/underneath coccygeus
Where does the coccygeus originate from?
The spine of the ischium
Where does the levator ani originate from?
The pubic symphysis
What is the function of the pelvic diaphragm?
It pulls the tail from side to side or down if they both contract
What is the urogenital diaphragm?
The muscles associated with the external genitalia
It is the ventral part of the pelvic outlet
What is the function of the urogenital diaphragm?
It fixes exerything in position eg. the reproductive tract is fixed to prevent movement during parturition and birth
What are the muscles of the urogenital diaphragm?
External anal sphincter Ischiocavernosus Ischiourethralis Bulbospongiosus Retractor penis
What is the ischiourethralis muscle?
It connects the urethra to the ischium laterally
It aids with erection
What is the ischiocavernosus muscle?
Alongside the bulbospongiosus
It aids with erection
Where are anal sacs found and what is their function?
They are found alongside the internal anal sphincter
They are for scent marking and identification
Why do anal sacs become impacted?
Obesity
Soft faeces
Narrow ducts
Breed
