Nervous system -JM Flashcards
What are multipolar neurones?
The CNS and motor neurones
There have lots of dendrites
What are bi-polar neurones?
Relay neurones
They have an axon and a dendritic process
What are pseudo-unipolar neurones?
Sensory neurones
From CNS to periphery
Cell body out the side
What are neuroglia?
Cells that support the neurones
What is a ganglion?
A bundle of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS
What are plexi?
A big network of peripheral nerves
What are axons wrapped in?
Endoneurium
What is a bundle of axons called?
A fascicle
same as a bundle of muscle fibres
What is a fascicle wrapped in?
Perineurium
What are multiple fascicles wrapped in?
Epineurium
What are intumescences?
Enlargements of the spinal cord due to lots of cell bodies/plexi going to the limbs
What is the corda equina?
Tasselled end of the spinal cord where there is disproportionate growth
What is found at the dorsal horn of the grey matter in the spinal cord?
Sensory neurones
What is found in the ventral horn of the grey matter in the spinal cord?
Somatic motor neurones and their cell bodies
Where do somatic motor neurones go?
Skin and skeletal muscle
What is in the lateral horn in the grey matter in the spinal cord?
Cell bodies of the preganglionic neurones of the sympathetic nervous system
What makes up the white matter?
Internal nerves forming bundles of myelinated axons
Wht is in the dorsal root ganglia?
The cell bodies of the sensory neurones
How many neurones does the somatic nervous system have? (conscious)
1
How many neurones does the autonomic nervous system have?
2
In which autonomic nervous system is the preganglionic neurone shorter?
Sympathetic
How many cranial nerves are there?
12
How are the spinal nerves arranged?
C1-C7 are cranial to vertebrae
C8-Cd5 are caudal to vertebrae
What are rami?
Branches off of the spinal cord
What are the 2 rami?
Dorsal ramus ventral ramus
What does the dorsal ramus do?
supplies dorsally located structures and epaxial muscles
What does the ventral ramus do?
Supplies the other muscles and skin to the dorsal ramus
What are dermatome?
Stripes of skin that are innervated by one pair of nerves
What are meninges?
Membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord
What are the 3 layers o the meninge?
Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater
Where is the epidural space?
The space between the bone periosteum and the dura mater
What is inside the epidural space?
Fat and blood vessels
Only in the spinal cord
Where is the subarachnoid space?
Between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater
What is the subarachnoid space filled with?
Cerebrospinal fluid
What is the subdural space?
Between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater
Shouldn’t be here
What is the venous sinus in the brain?
The area for the CSF to flow back into
Where I the CSF made?
In the choroid plexus
What is the role of CSF?
Protect CNS, nourishes and maintains homeostasis
Where can you sample CSF?
Cisternal tap - small animals
Lumbar puncture - large animals
