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Animal Health Science 1 > Small animal digestive tract AHS1 > Flashcards

Small animal digestive tract AHS1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the line down the ventral midline of the dog?

A

Linea alba

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2
Q

What are the 4 main muscles of the abdominal wall?

A 
External abdominal oblique
Internal abdominal oblique
Transverse abdominis
Rectus abdominis (down the middle)
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3
Q

What layers of tissue do you cut through when you cut through the linea alba?

A

Skin
Deep fascia/subcutaneous tissue
Linea alba
Peritoneum

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4
Q

Which way do the muscle fibres run in the external abdominal oblique?

A

Caudoventrally

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5
Q

What does the EAO form ventrally?

A

The EAO aponeurosis - thin sheet like tendon

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6
Q

Where does the EAO originate and insert?

A

From the last ribs/thoracolumbar fascia

EAO aponeurosis on the linea alba

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7
Q

Which way do the fibres run in the internal abdominal oblique?

A

Cranioventrally (fan caudally)

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8
Q

Where does the IAO originate and insert?

A

Iliac crest/thoracolumbar fascia and insert on caudal ribs and linea alba

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9
Q

Which way do the muscle fibres run in the transverse abdominis?

A

Dorsoventral

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10
Q

Where does the transverse abdominis originate and insert?

A

Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae and insert on the linea alba in a separate aponeurosis

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11
Q

What runs across the surface of the transverse abdominis?

A

Spinal abdominal nerves

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12
Q

Where does the linea alba run between?

A

Xiphoid process to pubic symphysis

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13
Q

What divide up the rectus abdominis?

A

Tendinous intersections

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14
Q

What is the rectus sheath

A

Formed from the aponeurotic tendons of the EAO, IAO and TA

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15
Q

What blood vessels serve the craniodorsal abdominal wall?

A

Phrenicoabdominal artery

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16
Q

What blood vessels serve the cranioventral abdominal wall?

A

Caudal epigastrics

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17
Q

What blood vessels serve the caudodorsal abdominal wall?

A

Deep circumflex iliac artery

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18
Q

What blood vessels serve the caudoventral abdominal wall?

A

Caudal epigastrics

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19
Q

What are the cells that make up the peritoneum?

A

Flattened mesothelial cells supported by fibrous connective tissue

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20
Q

What are the mesenteries a part of?

A

Part of the peritoneum

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21
Q

What is the definition of a mesentery?

A

A double layer of peritoneum suspending an organ

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22
Q

What does retroperitoneal mean?

A

Behind the parietal peritoneum, outside of the peritoneal cavity

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23
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity?

A

The area between the visceral and parietal peritoneum

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24
Q

Where does the parietal peritoneum get its blood supply and innervation from?

A

From what it is in contact with - overlying structures eg. paired vessels and segmental nerves

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25
Q

Where does the visceral peritoneum get its blood supply and innervation from?

A

From the organ that it is enveloping eg. unpaired vessels and autonomic nerves

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26
Q

What are the three mesenteries?

A

Mesoduodenum
Mesojejunoileum (great mesentery)
Mesocolon
They are named after the part that they wrap around

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27
Q

How does the blood supply and innervation get to the intestines?

A

The vessels/nerves run between the peritoneal layers in the mesentery (cut into opposite side of the intestine)

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28
Q

What are the names of the structures that provide the embryonic derivation of the mesenteries/omenta?

A

Dorsal mesogastrium - around the spleen and the stomach

Ventral mesogastrium - around the liver and the stomach

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29
Q

What do the embryological mesogastria go on to form?

A

The omenta
Dorsal mesogastrium - greater omentum
Ventral mesogastrium - lesser omentum

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30
Q

What is an omentum?

A

A peritoneal attachment that is associated with the stomach (looks like lace/spiders web)

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31
Q

How many layers does the greater omentum have?

A

4

2 double layers as it is the dorsal mesogastrium folded back on itself

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32
Q

How many layers does the lesser omentum have?

A

2 - the ventral mesogastrium didn’t fold back on itself

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33
Q

What does the greater omentum attach to?

A

The spleen and the greater curvature of the stomach

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34
Q

What does the lesser omentum attach to?

A

The liver and the lesser curvature of the stomach

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35
Q

What is the omental bursa?

A

The space (usually virtual) in between the 2 double layers of greater omentum

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36
Q

Wat are peritoneal folds also called?

A

Ligaments

eg. falciform, coronary, gastrosplenic

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37
Q

What makes up the foregut?

A 
Distal oesophagus
Stomach
Cranial duodenum
Liver
Pancreas
(spleen isnt foregut but has the same nerve/blood supply
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38
Q

What makes up the midgut?

A

Caudal duodenum
All small intestine
Ascending colon
Treansverse colon

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39
Q

What makes up the hindgut?

A

Descending colon
Rectum
Anus

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40
Q

What artery supplies the foregut?

A

Coeliac artery

unpaired branch of the aorta

41
Q

What artery supplies the midgut?

A

Cranial mesenteric

unpaired branch of the aorta

42
Q

What artery supplies the hindgut?

A

Caudal mesenteric

unpaired branch of the aorta

43
Q

What is the vein equivalent of the coeliac artery?

A

Gastroduodenal vein

44
Q

What is the vein equivalent of the cranial mesenteric artery?

A

Cranial mesenteric vein

45
Q

What is the vein equivalent of the caudal mesenteric artery?

A

Iliocolic vein

46
Q

What do all the abdominal veins from the GI tract drain into?

A

Hepatic portal vein

47
Q

How does blood exit the liver?

A

Through hepatic veins into the caudal vena cava

48
Q

What abdominal veins drain straight into the caudal vena cava?

A

Renal
Gonadal
Body wall veins eg. phrenicoabdominal and deep circumflex iliac
Common iliac

49
Q

What is different about the gonadal veins?

A

The left gonadal vein drains into the renal vein rather than straight into the caudal vena cava

50
Q

What is the sensory nerve supply to the abdominal viscera?

A

General visceral afferent nerves - not very sensitive or specific to location

51
Q

What is the motor nerve supply to the abdominal viscera?

A

Autonomic - general visceral efferent nerves

52
Q

What nerve supplies parasympathetic innervation to the foregut and midgut?

A

Vagus nerve

53
Q

What nerves supply parasympathetic innervation to the hindgut and pelvic organs?

A

Pelvic nerves (S1, 2, 3)

54
Q

What are the 2 main sources of sympathetic innervation in the abdomen?

A

Paravertebral/sympathetic chain
Prevertebral chain
(They have different synapses)

55
Q

What does the paravertebral chain innervate?

A

The smooth muscle of the paired abdominal viscera

56
Q

What does the prevertebral chain innervate?

A

The smooth muscle of the GI tract

57
Q

What is the 2 main ganglia of the prevertebral chain?

A

The coeliacomesenteric ganglion

The caudal mesenteric ganglion

58
Q

What does the coeliacomesenteric ganglion supply?

A

The foregut and midgut

59
Q

What does the caudal mesenteric ganglion supply?

A

The hindgut and the hypogastric nerves to the pelvis

60
Q

Where does the liver sit?

A

Between the diaphragm and the stomach

Slightly to the right - more so in larger animals

61
Q

What is the coronary ligament?

A

Where the peritoneum covering the liver joins the diaphragm and surrounds the structures here - wraps around caudal vena cava

62
Q

How many lobes does a canine liver have?

A

6

63
Q

What are the lobes divided by?

A

Fissures

64
Q

What is the way of remembering where the gall bladder sits?

A

Queen Goes Riding
Quadrate lobe
Gall bladder
Right medial lobe

65
Q

What are the 2 different processes of the caudate lobe?

A

Caudate process and the papillary process (more central)

66
Q

Where is the impression from the right kidney on the liver?

A

In the caudate process of the caudate lobe

67
Q

Where is the impression from the stomach found on the liver?

A

On the left lateral lobe

68
Q

What is the notch found on the dorsal surface of the liver?

A

Oesophageal notch

69
Q

What is the name of the part of the liver where everything enters?

A

The porta

70
Q

What is the portal triad made up of?

A

Hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein, bile duct

71
Q

What is the hepatic artery a branch of?

A

The coeliac artery

72
Q

Where is the duodenal impression on the liver?

A

On the right lateral lobe

73
Q

What is the order of vessels that carry bile out of the liver to the porta?

A

Canaliculi - ductules - hepatic ducts

74
Q

What do the hepatic ducts combine to form?

A

The common trunk

75
Q

What comes off the common trunk?

A

The bile duct and the cystic duct

76
Q

Where does the cystic duct go?

A

To the gall bladder to store the bile

77
Q

Where does the bile duct go?

A

To the duodenum

78
Q

What is the ductus venosus?

A

It is a foetal bypass shunt that bypasses the liver as the blood has already been filtered by the mother

79
Q

Where does the ductus venosus come from and go to?

A

Comes from the umbilical vein and goes to the caudal vena cava

80
Q

What is it called when the ductus venosus doesn’t close properly?

A

Portosystemic shunt

81
Q

Where in general is the pancreas located?

A

Nestled in the curve of the duodenum between the ascending and the descending parts

82
Q

What is the left lobe of the pancreas associated with?

A

THe greater omentum - it extends around the stomach

83
Q

What is the right lobe of the pancreas associated with?

A

The mesoduodenum - the mesentery of the duodenum

84
Q

What are the names of the openings into the duodenum for contents from the pancreas and the gall bladder?

A

Major duodenal papilla (more cranial)

Minor duodenal papilla

85
Q

What empty through the major duodenal papilla?

A

The bile duct and the major pancreatic duct

86
Q

What empties through the minor duodenal papilla?

A

The minor pancreatic duct

87
Q

What are the two different sphincters in the stomach?

A

cardiac sphincter - from the oesophagus

Pyloric sphincter - to the duodenum

88
Q

What are the folds on the inside of the stomach called?

A

Ruggae

89
Q

What are the three main branches of the coeliac artery?

A

left gastric artery
Splenic artery
Hepatic artery

90
Q

Which arteries are on the lesser curvature of the stomach?

A

Gastric arteries

91
Q

Which arteries are on the greater curvature of the stomach?

A

Gastroepiploic arteries

92
Q

Which artery is going to the right?

A

Hepatic artery - liver

93
Q

which artery is going to the left?

A

The splenic artery - spleen

94
Q

What does the left gastric artery come off of?

A

The coeliac artery

95
Q

What does the left gastroepiploic artery come off of?

A

The splenic artery

96
Q

What does the right gastric artery come off of?

A

The hepatic artery

97
Q

What does the right gastroepiploic artery come off of?

A

The hepatic artery

98
Q

What supplies the cranial duodenum?

A

The hepatic branch of the coeliac artery

Animal Health Science 1 (33 decks)

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