CVS and lymphatic systems - Anatomy Flashcards
What are the functions of the CVS?
Transport
Transmit force
Transport heat
Regulate blood pressure
What are the components of the CVS?
Heart
Blood
Vessels
What are the 3 layers that make up arteries and veins?
Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica adventitia
What is the tunica intima? What is it made of?
It is the first layer
Its made of endothelial cells on connective tissue
It is very smooth
What is the tunica media? What is it made of?
The middle layer
It is made of smooth muscle
It contains some elastic fibres
Nerves from sympathetic autonomic nervous system
What is the tunica adventitia? What is it made of?
It is the outer layer
It is made up of fibrous connective tissue
What do veins have that make them unique?
Valves
Much larger lumen
Tunica adventitia is most prominent
What is used to regulate capillary networks?
Precapillary sphincters
What is a portal system?
When blood flows through 2 different capillary beds before returning to the heart
What is anastomosis?
When there is more than one way for blood to flow, alternative route
Where are arterio-arterial anastomoses often found?
In joints where bending cuts off blood flow
What is the name of the fibrous serous sac that covers the heart?
Pericardium
What are the 3 layers of the pericardium?
Visceral pericardium - inner layer (epicardium)
Parietal pericardium - outer layer
Fibrous pericardium
What are the 3 layers of the heart wall?
Endocardium - smooth inner surface
Myocardium - cardiac muscle that contracts
Epicardium - outer layer
What are the heart valves made from?
Folds of endocardium
Which is the bicuspid valve?
The left valve
Which is the tricuspid valve?
The right valve
What is heart contraction called?
Systole
What is heart relaxation called?
Diastole
What are the 3 functions of the lymphatic system?
Drains tissue fluid
Absorbs and transports fat
Defence - immune system
What is lymph?
Same as blood plasma
What are the largest lymphatic vessels?
Thoracic duct
Right lymphatic duct
How is lymph pushed through vessels?
Movement of surrounding tissues squeezing
What are lymph nodes?
Biological filters
What are the primary lymphoid organs in the lymphoreticular system?
Bone marrow
Thymus
What are the secondary lymphoid organs in the lymphoreticular system?
Spleen
Tonsils
Lymph nodes
What is the middle of the lymph node called?
Medulla
What forms the framework in the lymph node?
Trabeculae
What are the sinuses in the lymph node?
A series of open spaces
What are the areas that release lymphocytes called?
Germinal centres
What is the lymph node surrounded by?
An outer connective tissue capsule
What cells line the lymph node?
Phagocytic cells
