Tissue structure and function Flashcards
What is the epithelium that lines the body cavities called?
Mesothelium
What are the 3 types of simple epithelium?
Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
Which simple epithelium can be ciliated?
Columnar
Where is cuboidal tissue found?
Thyroid tissue
Kidney tubules
Salivary glands
Pancreas
What is often the function of simple cuboidal epithelium?
Regulate the transport of specific substances across them
Where can columnar epithelial cells be found?
Lining the duodenum
What is the function of stratified squamous epithelium?
Protection, especially when keratinised
Where can stratified squamous epithelium found?
Anywhere that gets a lot of wear eg. tongue or footpad
What are the 2 different types of stratified epithelium?
Stratified squamous
Transitional
Where can transitional epithelium be found?
In the urinary system
What is special about transitional epithelium?
It can stretch and change shape
What is the innermost layer of the transitional epithelium (exposed to urine) called?
Mucosa
What is unique about pseudostratified epithelia?
It is only one cell thick but looks like more than one because of the varying locations of the cell nuclei
It is ciliated
It contains goblet cells for mucous
Where is pseudostratified epithelia found?
In the trachea/respiratory systems
What are the 3 main types of connective tissue?
Fibrous
Fibro-cellular
Matrical
What is the main cell responsible for producing connective tissue?
Fibroblasts
What are the 2 different types of fibrous connective tissue?
Collagenous
Elastic
Where is collagenous fibrous connective tissue found?
In tendons
Where is elastic fibrous connective tissue found?
In ligaments
What is fibro-cellular connective tissue?
Pliable, mesh-like, less strong
What are the 2 types of fibro-cellular connective tissue?
Areolar
Adipose
Where is areolar connective tissue found and what is its function?
Subcutaneous - attaches skin to underlying structures
What are mast cells?
A type of white blood cell that releases histamine
What is the dominating cell type in adipose fibro-cellular connective tissue?
Adipocytes
What are the 2 types of adipose tissue?
White and brown
What does adipose tissue contain?
Fat/lipids
Where is brown adipose tissue found?
Neonates/new-born animals
What is matrical connective tissue?
Hard connective tissue
Bone and cartilage
What type of collagen are bone and cartilage?
Bone - type 1
Cartilage - type 2
What are the 3 types of cartilage?
Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage
What is the perichondrium?
A capsule that surrounds some cartilage structures that allows regeneration of cartilage
What are the 2 layers of perichondrium?
Outer fibrous layer
Inner chondrogenic layer- can differentiate into cartilage
Where is hyaline cartilage found?
In the trachea and at articular surfaces of joint
What is a lacuna?
Where chondrocytes surround themselves with cartilage
Why can’t hyaline cartilage at the joint regenerate?
No perichondrium - leads to arthritis
Where is elastic cartilage found?
In the epiglottis, ear and nose
What is fibrocartilage?
The intermediate between fibrous collagenous connective tissue and hyaline cartilage
How can you tell the difference between fibrous connective tissue and fibrocartilage?
Fibrocartilage contains chondrocytes rather than fibroblasts
Where is fibrocartilage found?
Where tendons insert onto bone or cartilage
Outer layer of intervertebral discs
In the menisci
What are menisci?
Cartilage cushions at some joints
What is intramembranous ossification?
Forms flat bones
Doesn’t need a cartilage template
What is immature bone called?
Woven bone
What is mature bone called?
Lamellar bone
What is endochondral ossification?
When bone is formed from a cartilage template from growth plates
