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Animal Health Science 1 > Locomotor Terminology - Anatomy > Flashcards

Locomotor Terminology - Anatomy Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Back

A

Dorsum

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2
Q

Belly

A

Ventum

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3
Q

Skull

A

Cranium

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4
Q

Tail

A

Caudal

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5
Q

Hand/carpus and lower

A

Manus

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6
Q

Foot/hock and lower

A

Pes

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7
Q

Towards the head

A

Cranial

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8
Q

Towards the tail

A

Caudal

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9
Q

Towards the muzzle in the head

A

Rostral

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10
Q

Towards the back of the head

A

Caudal

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11
Q

Front of lower forelimb

A

Dorsal

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12
Q

Back of lower forelimb

A

Palmar

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13
Q

Front of lower hindlimb

A

Dorsal

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14
Q

Back of lower hindlimb

A

Plantar

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15
Q

Closer to main body

A

Proximal

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16
Q

Further from main body

A

Distal

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17
Q

Right side

A

Dexter

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18
Q

Left side

A

Sinister

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19
Q

Same side

A

Ipsilateral

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20
Q

Different sides

A

Contralateral

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21
Q

Differing depths of tissue

A

Superficial and deep

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22
Q

Animal bisected exactly in half

A

Medial

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23
Q

Plane parallel to the median

A

Lateral/paramedian

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24
Q

Part that’s closest to the median in the foot

A

Axial

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25
Q

Part that’s furthest from the median in the foot

A

Abaxial

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26
Q

Decreasing the angle in the joint

A

Flexion

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27
Q

Increasing the angle in the joint/straightening

A

Extention

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28
Q

Moving the limb straight forward

A

Protraction

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29
Q

Moving the limb straight back

A

Retraction

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30
Q

Moving the limb away from the median

A

Abduction

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31
Q

Moving the limb towards the median

A

Adduction

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32
Q

Laterally rotating the limb so the palmar surface is facing up

A

Supination

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33
Q

Laterally rotating the limb so the palmar surface is facing down

A

Pronation

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34
Q

Stance that is on the tip off one digit

A

Unguligrade

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35
Q

Stance that is on all digits

A

Digitigrade

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36
Q

Stance that is on the whole plantar surface

A

Plantigrade

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37
Q

The part of the bone that is the middle shaft

A

Diaphysis

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38
Q

The part of the bone that is the outer ends

A

Epiphysis

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39
Q

The part of the bone between the middle and the outer ends

A

Metaphysis

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40
Q

The middle cavity of the bone

A

Medulla

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41
Q

The membrane surrounding the outside of the bone

A

Periosteum

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42
Q

The membrane surrounding the medulla

A

Endosteum

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43
Q

The hard parts of the bone

A

Cortical/compact bone

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44
Q

The spongy parts of the bone

A

Trabecular/cancellous bone

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45
Q

What is intramembranous ossification?

A

When flat bone is replaced. It uses a membranous template

46
Q

What is endochondral ossification?

A

The replacement of cartilage with bone

47
Q

The bones in the neck

A

Cervical vertebrae

48
Q

The bones in the middle of the spine

A

The thoracic vertebrae

49
Q

The bones in the bottom of the spine

A

The lumbar vertebrae

50
Q

The bones in the top of the tail

A

The sacrum

51
Q

The bones in the bottom of the tail

A

Coccygeal/caudal vertebrae

52
Q

Above

A

Epi, supra

53
Q

Below

A

Hypo, infra

54
Q

Behind

A

Retro

55
Q

Around

A

Circum

56
Q

Next to

A

Juxta

57
Q

The main skeleton

A

The axial skeleton

58
Q

The distal skeleton, makes up limbs

A

The appendicular skeleton

59
Q

Smaller, supporting bones

A

Splanchnic bones

60
Q

Bone forming cells

A

Osteoblasts

61
Q

Bone destroying cells

A

Osteoclasts

62
Q

Bone cells

A

Osteocytes

63
Q

The extracellular matrix that osteoblasts form around themselves

A

Osteoid

64
Q

The bars in between the ‘honeycomb’ in cancellous boen

A

Trabeculae

65
Q

Cylindrical structures in compact bone

A

Osteons

66
Q

Blood vessels running through compact bone

A

Harversian canals

67
Q

Bone that’s protects tendons as they move over long bones

A

Sesamoid bones

68
Q

Bones with lots of air spaces to reduce weight

A

Pneumatic

69
Q

Ribs connected directly to the sternum

A

Sternal ribs

70
Q

Ribs that are connected to each other instead of the sternum

A

Asternal ribs

71
Q

Another name for skin?

A

Integument

72
Q

Top layer of skin

A

Epidermis

73
Q

Middle layer of skin

A

Dermis

74
Q

Under layer of skin (no really counted as skin)

A

Hypodermis/subcutaneous

75
Q

The 3 main types of connective tissue

A

Fibrous
Fibro-cellular
Matrical

76
Q

What is loose connective tissue?

A

The main protective tissue in the body

its a loose network of collagen and elastic fibres

77
Q

Where is loose connective tissue found?

A

In the hypodermis

78
Q

What is another word for loose connective tissue?

A

Areolar tissue

79
Q

What is dense connective tissue and what are the two types?

A

Has a higher proportion of collagen

Regular and irregular

80
Q

Where is irregular dense connective tissue found?

A

It covers skeletal muscles and organs in a protective fibrous membrane

81
Q

Where is regular dense connective tissue found?

A

In tendons and ligaments

82
Q

What do tendons do?

A

Connect muscle to bone

Transmit force

83
Q

What do ligaments do?

A

Connect bone to bone

Guide movement and prevent excess movement

84
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle?

A

Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac

85
Q

What is the whole tendon surrounded by?

A

The epimysium

86
Q

What is tendon made up of?

A

Fasciculi

87
Q

What surrounds the fasciculi?

A

The perimysium

88
Q

What are the fasciculi in tendons made up of?

A

Muscle fibres

89
Q

What is between the muscle fibres in the fasciculi in the tendon?

A

The endomysium

90
Q

Which is the origin/head end of the muscle?

A

The end that is attached to the more stationary of the two bones. It is usually proximal

91
Q

Which is the insertion part of the muscle?

A

The end that’s attached to the bone with the greatest movement. It moves towards the head.

92
Q

What is the middle of the muscle called?

A

The belly

93
Q

What are extrinsic muscles?

A

Muscles which both originate and exert within the same place

94
Q

What are the 3 muscle classes?

A

Pennate
Straight
Orbicular

95
Q

What are pennate muscles?

A

A muscle with fascicles that attach obliquely (in a slanting position) to the tendon

96
Q

What are the different types of pennate muscles?

A

Unipennate
Bipennate
Multipennate

97
Q

What are unipennate muscles?

A

The muscle fascicles attach on one side of the tendon

98
Q

What are bipennate muscles?

A

The muscle fascicles attach on both sides

99
Q

What are multipennate muscles?

A

Where the muscle fibres converge to several tendons

100
Q

What does the tubercle of the rib articulate with?

A

The transverse process of the vertebrae

101
Q

What does the head of the rib articulate with?

A

The costal fovea

102
Q

Where is the manubrium?

A

At the cranial end of the sternum

103
Q

Where is the xiphoid process?

A

At the caudal end of the sternum

104
Q

Where is the tuber ischii?

A

At the back of the pelvis

105
Q

Where is the tuber coxae?

A

At the front of the pelvis

106
Q

Where is the ileum?

A

The bone at the front/top of the pelvis

107
Q

Where is the pubis?

A

The bone in the pelvis that is above the spinal foramen

108
Q

Where is the ishium?

A

The bone at the back/bottom of the pelvis

109
Q

Where does the femur articulate on the pelvis?

A

Acetabulum

110
Q

What are brachydont teeth?

A

Short with long roots

111
Q

What are hypsodont teeth?

A

Teeth keep growing

In horses and ruminants

Animal Health Science 1 (33 decks)

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