Upper GI probs Flashcards
upper G.I.
Esophagus
Stomach
Beginning of small intestines
lower G.I.
Small intestines
colon
Large intestines
Rectum/anus
esophageal problems
GERD
Hiatal hernia
inflammation disorders of stomach
Gastritis
Acute gastroenteritis
PUD
what is difficulty swallowing?
Dysphasia
causes of dysphasia
Mechanical obstruction
Neuromuscular dysfunction
mechanical obstruction involves
Stenosis
Stricter
Diverticula
Tumors
neuromuscular dysfunction involves
Stroke
Achalasia
Intubation, trach
achalasia
Lower esophageal sphincter can’t open properly
GERD
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Heartburn
Patho of GERD
Lower esophageal sphincter doesn’t close properly
Backflow of gastric acid from stomach to esophagus
etiology of GERD
Alters closure strength of lower esophageal sphincter or increased abdominal pressure
examples of causes of altering closer strength or increasing abdominal pressure
fatty, spicy foods
Tomato-based foods
Citrus
Caffeine, lots of alcohol
Smoking
Sleep position
Obesity
Pregnancy
Pharmacologic agents
s/sx GERD
Heartburn
Dyspepsia
Regurgitation
Chest pain
Dysphasia
Pulmonary symptoms
Another name for heartburn
Pyrosis
complications of GERD
ulcerations, scarring, strictures
Barrett esophagus
Barrett esophagus
development of abnormal metaplastic tissue – premalignant
Increased risk of developing adenocarcinoma of esophagus
hiatal hernia
Defect in diaphragm that allows part of stomach to pass into the thorax
sliding hernia
Usually small, not much treatment needed
perinium stays in tact
Paraesophageal hernia
part of stomach pushes through diaphragm and stays there
Peritoneum becomes thin and protrudes into diaphragm
Which type of hernia is less severe
Sliding hernia
What does a rolling hernia refer to?
Paraesophageal hernia
pathophys hiatal hernia
exact causes unknown, age-related
Injury or other damage and weakness of the diaphragm muscle
What are forms of repeated pressure on muscles?
severe cough
Vomiting
Constipation
Straining with bowel movement
risk factors of GERD
Older age
Obesity
Smoking
T/F GERD can be asymptomatic
True
s/sx GERD
Severe belching
Dysphasia
Chest/epigastric pain
Conservative treatment
teach small, frequent meals
Avoid lying down after eating
Avoid tight clothing and abdominal supports
Weight control for obese patients
Antacids for esophagitis sx
Surgery if conservative treatment doesn’t work
T/F you can have GERD and a hiatal hernia the same time
True
