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NUR 326 > Lower G.I. problems > Flashcards

Lower G.I. problems Flashcards

1
Q

appendicitis

A

Inflammation of appendix

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2
Q

cause of appendicitis

A

apPendix is obstructed leads to inflammation

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3
Q

complications of appendicitis

A

Gangrene
Abscess formation
Peritonitis

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4
Q

s/sx of appendicitis

A

Classic pain-RLQ in Periumbilical area
rebound pain/tenderness – severe
Sudden pain relief
dull steady pain, 4 to 6 hours – localizes RLQ
Fever, nausea, anorexia

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5
Q

what does sudden pain Relief in appendicitis indicate

A

May indicate rupture

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6
Q

what is the peak incidence time for appendicitis?

A

10 to 12 years old

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7
Q

diagnosis of appendicitis

A

Increase WBC
Abdominal sonogram
Exploratory lap

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8
Q

peritonitis

A

Inflammation of peritoneum
Serous membrane that lines abdominal cavity, and covers visceral organs

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9
Q

what occurs from the fluid shift of peritonitis?

A

Hypovolemic shock, sepsis
Paralytic ileus, intestinal obstruction

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10
Q

causes of peritonitis

A

Perforated ulcer, pancreatitis
Ruptured gallbladder, spleen, bladder, appendix

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11
Q

s/sx appendicitis

A

sudden and severe
abdominal pain, tenderness
Rigid, board like abdomen
N/V
Fever, increased WBC
increased heart rate
Decreased blood pressure

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12
Q

What is a key indicator of appendicitis?

A

Hard, rigid abdomen

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13
Q

Irritable bowel syndrome – IBS

A

chronic condition
Alterations in bowel pattern due to changes in intestinal motility

Chronic and frequent constipation and diarrhea – IBSC, IBSD

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14
Q

s/sx IBS

A

vary by individual
Abdominal distention, fullness, bloating
Intermittent, abdominal pain
bowel urgency
Intolerance to sorbitol, lactose, gluten
Non-bloody stool – excess mucus

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15
Q

how is abdominal pain in IBS exacerbated?

A

stress

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16
Q

how is abdominal pain in IBS relieved?

A

Defecation

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17
Q

t/f emotional stress can exacerbate IBS

A

True

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18
Q

t/f IBS cannot cause, psychological stress and problems

A

False

19
Q

Cause of IBS

A

generally unknown**
Can be triggered by stress, food, hormone changes, GI infections, menses-women

20
Q

Inflammatory bowel disease – IBD

A

Group of life-changing, chronic illnesses
Chronic inflammation of intestines

21
Q

Who is inflammatory bowel disease more common in

A

Women
Caucasians
Jewish descent
Smokers

22
Q

cause of IBD

A

Autoimmune activated by infection

23
Q

Crohn’s disease Patho

A

Lymph structures of G.I. tract are blocked
tissue becomes engorged an inflamed
Deep linear, fissures and ulcers develop in a Patchy pattern in the bowel wall

24
Q

what are the fissures in ulcers that develop in a Patchy pattern

A

skip lesions
Cobblestone appearance

25
Q

Complications of Crohn’s disease

A

malnutrition
Anemia
Scar tissue/obstruction
Fistulas
Cancer

26
Q

s/sx Crohn’s disease

A

Crampy lower abdominal pain – RLQ
Watery diarrhea

Systemic: weight, loss, fatigue, no appetite, fever, malabsorption of nutrients

Palpable, abdominal mass RLQ
Mouth ulcers

27
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

Inflammation of mucosa of rectum, and colon

28
Q

Who is ulcerative colitis more common in

A

Third decade of life
Caucasian
European descent
Ashkenazy, Jewish
Occasionally African-Americans

29
Q

Who is ulcerative colitis rare in?

A

Asians

30
Q

Patho of ulcerative colitis

A

Inflammation begins in rectum and extends in a continuous segment that may involve entire colon
Leads to large ulcerations
Necrosis of epithelial tissue – crypt abscess
Colon and rectum Try to repair damage with new granulation tissue– tissue is fragile and bleeds easily

31
Q

s/sx ulcerative colitis

A

Abdominal pain
Bloody diarrhea

Systemic: weight loss, decreased appetite, fever

32
Q

complications of ulcerative colitis

A

Hemorrhage
Perforation
Cancer
Malnutrition
Anemia
Strictures

33
Q

what does ulcerative colitis put patients at risk for?

A

Fissures
Abscesses
Toxic megacolon
Colorectal carcinoma
Liver disease
PH/fluid and electrolyte imbalance
VTE, DVT

34
Q

diverticulosis Patho

A

development of diverticula
Small pouches in lining of Colon that bulge outward through weak spots

35
Q

t/f diverticulosis can be congenital, but not acquired

A

False, can be both

36
Q

Cause of diverticulosis

A

Low fiber diet with chronic constipation

37
Q

Where does diverticulosis occur?

A

Descending colon

38
Q

does diverticulosis involve inflammation?

A

No

39
Q

s/sx diverticulosis

A

Usually asymptomatic

Discovered accidentally with presentation of acute diverticulitis

40
Q

diverticulitis

A

Inflammation of one or more diverticula from retained fecal material

41
Q

s/sx diverticulitis

A

LLQ abdominal pain
Fever, increased WBC
constipation, diarrhea
Acute passage, large quantity of Frank blood

42
Q

can diverticulitis resolve spontaneously?

A

Yes

43
Q

complications of diverticulitis

A

Perforation
Obstruction
Peritonitis

NUR 326 (32 decks)

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