Cancer treatment Flashcards
Growth fraction
Ratio of proliferating cells to resting cells
what kinds of tumors have high growth fraction?
Malignant tumors
low growth fraction
Due to cell size, increasing, rate of growth decreasing
large tumors have necrotic core
Decrease nutrient supply At core
More cells at G0, more difficult to treat
barriers to success
100% cancer cell kill required
Toxicity from chemo
Late detection
Tumor response
Drug resistance from cell heterogeneity
late detection
Increased metastasis
Less responsive
Patient more debilitating disease
Solid tumors respond poorly
Resistance and heterogeneity
cancer cells, mutate, constantly, more drug resistance
Heterogeneity – ongoing mutation
what increases as the tumor age increases
Heterogeneity
what does intermittent chemo involve
gives more time for normal cells to recover while killing cancer cells
what does combo therapy reduce?
Drug resistance
Les normal self injury
what must be done with combo therapy?
Using multiple drugs with different toxicities
One-neuro, one – liver
regional drug therapy
Access to tumors directly
Higher drug concentration
Decreased systemic toxicity
Intrathecal, intra-arterial, intravesical
usual toxicities of chemo
Nausea, vomiting several days after
1–2 weeks after first round: decreased, WBC, RBC, platelets
Diarrhea, alopecia, fatigue
Other toxicities from chemo
bone marrow suppression from rapidly producing cells
Neutropenia – infection
Erythrocyte opinion – anemia
Thrombocytopenia- bleeding
stomatitis
Information of oral cavity/Mucosa
Rapid onset
Oral pain, lacerations
Magic, mouthwash
Prescription cocktail for stomatitis
Doesn’t cure, only treat symptoms
Swish and gargle in spit 5–10 ML every six hours as needed
Swish and swallow is esophageal involvement
reproductive toxicity’s
Developing fetus
Germinal epithelium of testes
Sterility
should you try to get pregnant while on chemo?
No, can consider sperm banking
hyper uricemia toxicities
Excessive uric acid in blood do to sell death/destruction of DNA
extravasation toxicities
Infiltration of vesicant/chemo into surrounding IV site, fluid leaks out into extravascular space
carcinogen toxicity
Normal cells become cancer cells causing organ damage
cell specific phase anticancer agent
Works at specific cell cycle phase
cell cycle nonspecific, anticancer agent
can affect any phase including G0 phase
Used in combo with specific
