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NUR 326 > HIV > Flashcards

HIV Flashcards

1
Q

If a bacteria produces beta – lactamase, will antibiotics kill them?

A

No

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2
Q

Peak

A

Highest concentration of med in patient

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3
Q

IV peak

A

15 to 30 minutes after administration

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4
Q

trough

A

Lowest concentration of med, impatient

30 minutes prior to next admin dose

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5
Q

Virus

A

Parasitic microbe

no cell wall of their own, lives by inserting on RNA/DNA into a healthy cell

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6
Q

How do antivirals kill viruses?

A

By inhibiting their ability to replicate

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7
Q

HIV

A

Human immunodeficiency virus

Retrovirus that destroys CD4 T cells

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8
Q

Aids

A

acquired immune deficiency syndrome

Late stage of HIV

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9
Q

CD4 count in AIDS

A

<200 cells

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10
Q

What ethnic group has the highest prevalence of HIV/aids?

A

South Africa

Black men

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11
Q

Highest transmission of HIV/aids

A

Men to men sex

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12
Q

Stages of HIV/aids

A

Binding
Fusion
Reverse transcription
Integrase
Replication
Assembly
Budding

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13
Q

Binding stage of HIV

A

Virus binds to CD4 cell receptor

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14
Q

Fusion stage of HIV

A

virus fuses with surface T cell receptors CD4, and CCR5

Can insert self into cell

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15
Q

Reverse transcription stage of HIV

A

viral RNA to DNA
Enter cell nucleus

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16
Q

integrase stage of HIV

A

Viral DNA into CD4 cell

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17
Q

replication stage of HIV

A

Virus assembles new proteins

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18
Q

Assembly stage of HIV

A

Protease released to break up chains to make mature, HIV into immature

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19
Q

budding stage of HIV

A

HIV attacks other cells

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20
Q

what is the effect when HIV invades CD4 cell becomes part of DNA?

A

Patient is infected for life

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21
Q

what is the effect when the virus proliferates infected cells and sheds particles?

A

Virus in blood and body fluids

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22
Q

what is the effect of the body forming HIV antibodies?

A

Antibody is marker of infection, not protective

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23
Q

what is the effect of progressive destruction of helper T cells?

A

Compromised cell mediated immunity

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24
Q

what is the effect of immune defense collapse?

A

Opportunistic infection
Neoplasms

25
Q

normal CD4 count

A

500 to 1500

26
Q

CD4 count of opportunistic infections

A

Less than 500

27
Q

acute early infection

A

Rapid replication – present in blood/fluids

28
Q

is HIV detectable in acute early infection?

A

Not detectable by labs – no antibodies yet

No symptoms

29
Q

when does HIV become infectious?

A

Seroconversion – antibodies detectable

3 weeks – 6 months

flu, mono like symptoms (1-4 weeks, then disappear)

30
Q

clinical latency – chronic

A

3 to 12 years, still active

Virus levels stabilized – body is fighting virus

Asymptomatic or mild symptoms

31
Q

rapid virus production

A

Decreased CD4 T cell count
Viral load increases
Antiviral fight decreases
Patient enters AIDS

32
Q

Oral symptoms of HIV

A

higher risk of progression to AIDS
Seen with decreased CD4 counts

types: fungal, viral, bacterial, cancerous

33
Q

oral candidiasis symptoms

A

Acute stages
Lesions in oral cavity
Bleeds with scraping
Pain with eating and swallowing

34
Q

herpes simplex symptoms

A

Clusters of vesicles

35
Q

Oral hairy leukoplakia

A

Nonmovable lesions on lateral part of tongue
All stages
Not painful, asymptomatic
Caused by Epstein-Barr virus

36
Q

periodontal disease

A

rapid or linear
Very little plaque build up
Rapid loss of bone, soft tissue

37
Q

A I DS defining illness

A

CD4 count >200 cells, or one of illnesses
Opportunistic infections
Fungal, viral, protozoa, bacterial, cancers

38
Q

Kaposi’s sarcoma

A

Can be late stages of HIV/AIDS
Red, blue, purple lesions in mouth
Hard palate – most common

39
Q

lymphoma

A

Undifferentiated non-Hodgkin’s disease
Firm, painless

40
Q

AIDS dementia complex sx

A

Poor concentration, mental slowness
Forgetfulness, memory loss
Changes in behavior
Difficulty word finding
Depression, withdrawal from activities
Motor/speech/balance/visual problems

41
Q

can HIV be spread by hugging, or exchanging saliva or sweat?

A

No

42
Q

risk behaviors

A

Men to men sex
Injection drug use
Heterosexual contact
Mother to baby transmission
Blood transfusions

43
Q

factors of exposure to HIV

A

Duration and frequency of contact
Volume, virulence, and concentration of virus
Host immune status – compromised/not
Genetic protective factors

44
Q

HIV transmission

A

unprotected sex with HIV infected partner

Sexual – semen, vaginal secretions

Parenteral – blood

Mother to child – pregnancy, birth, breast-feeding

45
Q

sexual transmission

A

Unprotected, HIV, infected partner

46
Q

increased risk of sexual transmission

A

Being receiver of semen
Unprotected, anal or oral sex
Multiple partners
STI
Lack of circumcision
Alcohol and drug use

47
Q

parenteral transmission

A

Needle/syringe sharing between IV drug users

Blood or blood products

Healthcare exposure to blood, body fluids, puncture wounds

48
Q

mother to child transmission

A

Pregnancy
Delivery
Breast-feeding

49
Q

what increases the risk with mother to child transmission?

A

Lack of awareness of HIV status

Lack of prevention services

50
Q

Pharmacology goals for HIV

A

Delay or reverse loss of immune function
Decreased AIDS related complications
Prolong life

51
Q

drawbacks of med therapy for HIV

A

Expensive
Serious, long-term side effects
Drug interactions
Lifelong
Not a cure

52
Q

recipients of ART

A

any person living with HIV
Pregnant women who are HIV positive

53
Q

preexposure prophylaxis

A

Use of antiretroviral meds

Detailed, sexual and drug history – determine risk

Determine potential barriers to adherence of daily med regimen

Condom used encouragement

54
Q

Post exposure prophylaxis

A

based on exposure and barriers

Treatment for non-occupational and healthcare providers

ART therapy for 28 days

HIV testing initially, 6 and 12 weeks after exposure

55
Q

what is the most common risk behavior?

A

Men to men sex

56
Q

integrase

A

enzyme that creates a viral DNA copy and is inserted into the genetic material of the infected cell

57
Q

protease

A

enzyme that is responsible for the virus particles that are released to attack, replicate and release more virus

58
Q

reverse transcriptase

A

enzyme that’s converts viral RNA to DNA

NUR 326 (32 decks)

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