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NUR 326 > thyroid > Flashcards

thyroid Flashcards

1
Q

thyroid gland

A

2 inch butterfly shaped gland located in the neck

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2
Q

What does the thyroid gland secrete?

A

T3 and thyroxine T4

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3
Q

What is the function of thyroxine T4?

A

Regulator of body metabolism that influences almost all body systems

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4
Q

what is the necessary component in the synthesis of thyroid hormones?

A

Iodine

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5
Q

feedback loop of thyroid gland

A

Hypothalamus
(release TRH)
Anterior pituitary
(release TSH)
Thyroid gland
Thyroxine

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6
Q

what type of disorders are most common for thyroid dysfunction?

A

Primary disorders

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7
Q

Who are thyroid disorders more likely in?

A

Women

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8
Q

goiter

A

Enlargement of the thyroid, with or without dysfunction

Excess pituitary TSH, low iodine

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9
Q

Hypo thyroidism

A

Insufficient thyroid hormones, T3, and T4

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10
Q

Primary hypothyroidism

A

Increased release of TSH from pituitary

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11
Q

secondary hypothyroidism

A

Not secreting, T3 and T4, decreased TSH

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12
Q

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

A

Autoimmune, most common type of hypo thyroidism

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13
Q

Risk factors of hypothyroidism

A

female, >50
Caucasian
Pregnant
Meds
History of auto immune disease
Family history
Treatment for hyper thyroidism

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14
Q

s/sx early

A

Cold intolerance
Increased weight
Lethargy, fatigue
Memory deficits, poor attention span
Increase cholesterol
muscle cramps
Increased carotene levels – yellow skin
Constipation
Decreased fertility
Puffy face
Hair loss, brittle nails

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15
Q

s/sx late

A

below normal temperature
Decreased heart rate
Weight gain
Decreased LOC
thickened skin
Horse voice
Hyper lipidemia
Decreased filtration of kidney
Anemia
cardiac complications

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16
Q

myxedema

A

severe hypothyroidism – coma

Dermatologic changes that associate with hypo thyroidism: second skin, hair, loss, puffy, eyes, scaly skin

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17
Q

Diagnosis of hypo thyroidism

A

increased TSH
Decreased T3 and T4
Anti-thyroglobulin
Anti-peroxidase antibodies

18
Q

hyper thyroidism

A

Thyrotoxicosis
Increased excretion of T3 and T4

19
Q

What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?

A

graves’ disease
Auto immune stimulation of thyroid gland

20
Q

where does primary hyperparathyroidism occur?

A

Thyroid

21
Q

where does secondary hyperthyroidism occur?

A

Pituitary

22
Q

where does tertiary hyperthyroidism occur?

A

Hypothalamus

23
Q

other causes of hyperthyroidism

A

Thyroid cancer
Subacute thyroiditis
Toxic multinodular, goiter
Excess Iodine ingestion – Jod basedon syndrome
Excess replacement therapy

24
Q

Risk factors for hyperthyroidism

A

Family history of Graves’ disease
Age greater than 40
Women, Caucasian
Meds
excess iodine intake
Pregnant

25
Q

t/f Graves’ disease is a primary condition

A

True

26
Q

s/sx hyperthyroidism

A

Nervous
Insomnia
Sensitive to heat
weight loss
Enlarged palpable gland
Audible bruit
A fib
Myxedema
Exopthalmos

27
Q

exophthalmos

A

Wide eyed stare associated with increased sympathetic tone, and infiltration of extraocular area with lymphocytes

28
Q

Graves opthalmopathy

A

Pre-orbital edema and bulging of eyes

29
Q

Who is exophthalmus more common in?

A

Women

30
Q

Diagnosis of Graves’ disease

A

Low TSH
High T3 and T4
Anti-thyroglobulin, and anti-thyrotropin receptor antibody
Ultrasound with color, Doppler evaluation
Radioactive, Iodine scan

31
Q

thyrotoxic crisis/storm

A

Overwhelming release of thyroid hormones that exerts an intense stimulus on metabolism

32
Q

T/F thyrotoxic crisis is a life-threatening release of catecholamines

A

True

33
Q

parathyroid gland

A

For pea sized glands within thyroid tissue of the neck

34
Q

what does the parathyroid produce and secrete?

A

Parathyroid hormone – PTH

35
Q

function of parathyroid gland

A

Controls calcium levels
Promotes vitamin D production by kidney

36
Q

hypo parathyroid ism

A

Insufficient, PTH, secretion and hypocalcemia

37
Q

s/sx hypo parathyroidism

A

Muscle cramps
Irritability
Tetany, convulsion
Trousseaus and chovsteks

38
Q

treatment for hypo parathyroidism

A

Replace PTH
Normalize serum, calcium, and vitamin D levels

39
Q

Hyper parathyroidism

A

Excessive secretion of PTH with hypercalcemia and bone break down

40
Q

s/sx hyper parathyroidism

A

Muscle weakness
Poor concentration
Neuropathy
HTN
Kidney stones
Metabolic acidosis
Osteopenia , fractures
Constipation

41
Q

treatment of hyper parathyroidism

A

Decrease calcium levels
Diuretics, calcitonin
Biphosphonates
Vitamin D

NUR 326 (32 decks)

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