CAD Flashcards
coronary artery disease
Arteries become clogged due to atherosclerosis
function of coronary arteries
Branch from aorta and feed heart oxygenated blood
Where does coronary artery disease occur mostly?
Left anterior descending artery that fuels to the left ventricle
what occurs with an electrical problem with the heart?
Conduction
What occurs with the plumbing problem of the heart?
Artery blockage, spasm, valve issues
what is a pump problem with the heart?
Heart muscle
non-modifiable risk factors
Older age
Family history
Males – earlier, women after menopause
Ethnicity – African-Americans, Hispanics
Genetics
Modifiable risk factors
HTN
Smoking
Diabetes
Android obesity
Diet, inactivity
Hyper lipidemia
Stress, depression
Ischemic heart problems cause
Atherosclerosis develops in arteries, supplying the myocardium leading to a blockage
T/F ischemic heart problems are a plumbing issue
True
what does an ischemic heart problem lead to?
Decreased tissue perfusion, endothelial dysfunction
Heart must work harder to pump blood
what occurs with endothelial dysfunction?
Vessels aren’t necessarily blocked, but become narrowed when they’re supposed to dilate
causes of endothelial dysfunction
Hypertension
Hyper lipidemia
Diabetes
Smoking
T/F vessels become blocked with endothelial dysfunction
False
what is the main symptom of CAD?
Angina
T/S angina can be asymptomatic
True
What eventually occurs with angina
coronary arteries continued to narrow
Decreased blood flow may cause chest pain
Heartburn, week, dizzy, palpitations, cold sweat, anxiety, burning
what occurs from a complete occlusion?
Myocardial infarction
what is stable angina?
Coronary blood flow is diminished but not completely blocked
when does stable angina occur? How is it relieved?
Occurs on exertion
Relieved by rest
Last 2 to 5 minutes
what is the cause of stable angina?
imbalance between oxygen supply and demand
cause of stable angina
Atherosclerosis of coronary artery
What is the main difference between stable and unstable angina?
stable angina is relieved with rest and lasts 2 to 5 minutes
Cardiac chest pain
pressure, tightness
Diffuse, poorly localized
Relieved with rest within minutes
Associated with physical exertion
non-cardiac chest pain
Sharp, stabbing
Well, localized
Positional, spontaneous at rest
No predictable relation to physical stress
A typical angina discomfort and women
Hot, burning, tender
T/F angina always occurs in the chest of women
False
what are other symptoms Women can experience with a typical angina
Indigestion, heartburn
Nausea
Fatigue, weakness
Lightheaded
Dyspnea
what other areas can angina radiate to?
Jaw, neck, upper abdomen, shoulder
angina pectoris with MI sx
N/V
SOA
Diaphoresis
Teaching points for angina
rest and relaxation – decrease demand
Use of nitrates – meds
Prevent further atherosclerosis
is chest pain doesn’t resolved within a couple minutes what should you teach your patient about an MI
Call 911
