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NUR 326 > Dysrhythmias > Flashcards

Dysrhythmias Flashcards

1
Q

automacity function

A

Ability to generate electrical impulse

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2
Q

Excitability function

A

Ability to respond to outside impulse

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3
Q

conductivity function

A

Ability to receive electrical impulse and conduct it

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4
Q

contractility function

A

Ability of myocardial cells to shorten in response to an impulse

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5
Q

when does a P-wave occur?

A

During atrial depolarization

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6
Q

when does QRS complex occur?

A

During ventricular depolarization

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7
Q

when does T-wave occur?

A

During ventricular repolarization

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8
Q

which node initiates atrial depolarization?

A

SA node

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9
Q

T/F, the AV node initiates ventricular depolarization

A

True

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10
Q

normal heart rate

A

60 to 100 per minute

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11
Q

normal P-wave occurrence

A

Upright and rounded
One before every QRS complex
Even regular rhythm

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12
Q

Normal PR interval time

A

12 to 20 seconds

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13
Q

normal QRS time

A

less than 12 seconds
Narrow

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14
Q

what do normal rate, rhythm, P-wave, PR interval, QRS indicate

A

Sinus rhythm

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15
Q

sinus arrhythmia

A

Fluctuation in rate and initiation
Variability in heart rate

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16
Q

is sinus arrhythmia still normal?

A

Yes, no changes to cardiac output

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17
Q

Who is sinus arrhythmia more common in?

A

Younger people
Associated with respiratory and autonomic nervous system fluctuations

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18
Q

dysrhythmia

A

Abnnormal cardiac rhythm
Problem with impulse generation or conduction

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19
Q

do dysrhythmias alter cardiac output?

A

Yes

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20
Q

Inappropriate automaticity cause of dysrhythmia

A

Cell initiates action potential when it is not supposed to

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21
Q

Triggered activity cause of dysrhythmia

A

Extra impulses generated during/right after repolarization

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22
Q

reentry cause of dysrhythmia

A

Cardiac impulse in one part of heart continues to depolarize after main impulse is finished

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23
Q

sinus-

A

Triggered in/around SA node

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24
Q

sinus bradycardia

A

Slow heart rate <60 BPM

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25
Q

is sinus bradycardia still normal?

A

Yes – regular rhythm, PR, QRS

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26
Q

causes of sinus bradycardia

A

Hyperkalemia – slows depolarization
Vagal response
Digoxin toxicity
late hypoxia
meds – beta blockers, CCB
MI – ischemia

27
Q

s/sx sinus bradycardia

A

lightheaded, dizziness
Easily fatigued
Syncope
Dyspnea
Chest pain/discomfort
Confusion

28
Q

treatment for sinus bradycardia

A

Assess for symptoms first

If symptomatic: atropine
If atropine, not effective – pacemaker

29
Q

sinus tachycardia

A

Fast HR 100-150 bpm

30
Q

is sinus tachycardia still normal?

A

Yes, but P waves may be partially hidden

PR, QRS, rhythm still normal

31
Q

causes of sinus tachycardia

A

Exercise
Pain
Strong emotions
Fluid volume deficit
Fever – increased metabolic rate
Meds – Epi, albuterol
caffeine, nicotine, cocaine
Early hypoxia

32
Q

treatment for sinus tachycardia

A

based on cause

hypovolemia – fluids
Fever – antipyretics
Pain– analgesics
Beta blockers to lower heart rate and myocardial oxygen consumption

33
Q

paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

A

HR 150 to 200 BPM

“ feeling like my heart is racing”

34
Q

is PSVT normal?

A

Usually no P waves, if present is abnormal

QRS – normal

35
Q

T/FPSVT usually begins and ends slowly

A

False, suddenly

36
Q

causes of PSVT

A

Overexertion
Emotional stress
Stimulants
Digoxin toxicity
Rheumatic, heart disease, CAD, R HF
Wolf Parkinson, white syndrome

37
Q

s/sx PSVT

A

Palpitations
Chest pain
Fatigue
Lightheaded, dizzy
Dyspnea

38
Q

where does PSVT originate?

A

Above ventricles, AV node

39
Q

where do sinus bradycardia and tachycardia originate?

A

SA node

40
Q

which sinus rhythm is caused by early hypoxia?

A

Sinus tachycardia

41
Q

Which sinus rhythm is caused by late hypoxia?

A

Sinus bradycardia

42
Q

premature atrial contractions

A

Early P waves that have morphological changes

43
Q

what should you check with premature atrial contractions?

A

Electrolytes
May need oxygen

44
Q

T/F premature atrial contractions are fatal

A

false, usually no consequences

If frequent, puts patient at more risk for other dysrhythmias

45
Q

does premature atrial contractions have a normal PR and QRS interval?

A

Yes

46
Q

atrial flutter

A

Reentry impulse, repetitive and cyclic

rate >250, still regular

QRS is slower
P-wave looks like shark tooth

47
Q

where does atrial flutter originate?

A

AV node
Overrides SA node

48
Q

causes of atrial flutter

A

CAD, cardiomyopathy
Heart valve disease
Congenital, heart disease
Inflammation of heart – myocarditis
HTN
Lung disease/overactive thyroid
Electrolyte imbalance
Heart surgery

49
Q

atrial fibrillation

A

Multiple irritable spots in atria
Irregularly irregular

HR 100-175
no identifiable P-wave
Fibrillation waves

50
Q

T/F atrial fibrillation is more symptomatic than atrial flutter

A

True

51
Q

s/sx a fib

A

palpitations
Heart racing
Fatigue
Dizziness
Chest discomfort
SOB

Can be asymptomatic**

52
Q

causes of a fib

A

Electrolytes imbalance
Hypoxia
CBD

53
Q

complications of a fib

A

Decreased cardiac output
Heart failure
Embolus – stroke risk

54
Q

what is the most common type of treated dysrhythmia?

A

Afib

55
Q

treatment for a fib

A

Control the rate – BB, CCB, digitalis, amiodarone

Stroke prevention – anticoagulates antiplatelets

56
Q

Non-medication treatment for a fib

A

ablation
Cardioversion

57
Q

Premature ventricular contractions

A

ventricular dysrhythmia

Contraction coming from ectopic focus in ventricles

Comes earlier than QRS complex should

Not a normal rhythm or P wave

58
Q

what does the QRS complex look like in PVC?

A

Wide and distorted shape

59
Q

causes of PVC

A

Stimulants
Electrolytes
Hypoxia
Exercise
Stress
Fever
CVD

60
Q

ventricular tachycardia

A

Three or more PVCs together

Ectopic focus within ventricles takes control and fires repeatedly

rate 150-200 bpm

61
Q

differences with ventricular tachycardia

A

No atrial contractions
No P-wave
PR interval not measurable

62
Q

causes of ventricular tachycardia

A

MI
CAD
ABNORMAL ELECTROLYTES
HEART FAILURE
Drug toxicity

63
Q

what is an immediate intervention for ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation?

A

Check for a pulse

64
Q

ventricular fibrillation

A

Irregular waveforms of varying shapes and sizes

Ventricles are quivering
No effective contractions equals no cardiac output

NUR 326 (32 decks)

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