Degenerative disorders

Question 1

synovial joints

Answer 1

Composed of an outer fibrous, capsule interior, synovial membrane, articular, cartilage, and synovial fluid

Bones come together and move easily because of smooth surfaces of cartilage and lubricating synovial fluid

Question 2

osteoarthritis

Answer 2

Degenerative disorder of aging and stresses

Localized inflammation

Question 3

what joints are affected with osteoarthritis?

Answer 3

Cervical spine
Lumbosacral spine
Hip, knee, hand
Big toe

Question 4

Who is more at risk for osteoarthritis?

Answer 4

Men <45
Women >45

Question 5

Risk factors for osteoarthritis

Answer 5

> 40
obesity
History of team sports
History of trauma, overuse of joint
Heavy, occupational work
Misalignment of pelvis, hit, knees, ankle, foot

Question 6

Cause of osteoarthritis

Answer 6

stresses applied to joints, weight-bearing

Degenerative cartilage

Chronic

Question 7

pathophys

Answer 7

excess pressure on joint, decreased cartilage

Subchondral bone exposed through developing cysts

Cartilage is destroyed

Chondrocytes synthesize proteoglycans to repair cartilage

Excess fluid – swelling, local inflam

Osteoblasts activated – bone spurs – synovial fluid thickened

Proteoglycans and cartilage decrease, limited movement

Loss of cartilage – narrowed joint space

Question 8

Osteophytes

Answer 8

due to cartilage loss, bone spurs
Small bony projections that develop at rim of bone adjacent to cartilage loss

Hinders free movement

Question 9

s/sx osteoarthritis

Answer 9

Deep, Aching, joint pain
post exercise/weight-bearing pain
Cold weather
Crepitus with range of motion
Stiffness in a.m.
Joint swelling
Altered gait, Limited ROM

Question 10

herbendens nodes

Answer 10

swelling at the distal interphalangeal joint

Lowest knuckle

Question 11

bouchards nodes

Answer 11

swelling proximal to interphalangeal joint

Highest knuckle

Question 12

NSAIDS therapy

Answer 12

Decreased production of prostaglandins

Prostaglandins, promote inflammation, pain, fever, blood clot

Question 13

glucosamine sulfate

Answer 13

Dietary supplement

Compound that occurs in body naturally, to maintain cartilage health

Question 14

chondroitin sulfate

Answer 14

Dietary supplement

Natural chemical in cartilage might slow break down

Question 15

Degenerative disc disease patho

Answer 15

lumbar/cervical spine

Intravertebral disc compresses with age

Motor and sensory nerves enter/exit from spinal cord travel through narrow openings in bone

Dehydration of discs and bone = compressed

Dysfunction of motor and sensory spinal nerves, impedes, movement and sensation

Weakness and paresthesias

Question 16

s/sx lumbar

Answer 16

sciatica – low back to leg
Buttock, thigh pain worsens, when sitting, bending, lifting, twisting
Minimized with walk, laying down
Numb, tingle, weak legs
Foot drop

Question 17

s/sx cervical

Answer 17

Chronic neck – shoulder– arm pain
Numbness, tingling
WeakNess