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NUR 326 > Glomerular Disorders > Flashcards

Glomerular Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Functional unit of the kidney

A

Nephron

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2
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

Various conditions that cause inflammation of glomeruli

Can be focal or diffuse

Third leading cause of kidney failure in US

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3
Q

is glomerulonephritis a cell mediated or immune mediated process?

A

Immune mediated

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4
Q

glomerulus

A

Delicate network of arterials within Bowmans capsule

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5
Q

Tubules

A

Massive consumer of O2

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6
Q

Afferent renal artery

A

Takes blood in

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7
Q

efferent renal artery

A

Takes blood out

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8
Q

what is a glomerular disorder?

A

Alteration in glomerular capillary

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9
Q

Capillary membranes

A

Endothelial
Basement membrane
Podocytes

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10
Q

primary glomerulonephritis

A

Isolated in kidney

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11
Q

secondary glomerulonephritis

A

Caused by systemic disease

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12
Q

diffused damage to glomeruli

A

Both kidneys

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13
Q

focal damage to glomeruli

A

Only some of glomeruli

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14
Q

Local damage to glomeruli

A

Area of glomerulus

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15
Q

Type 2 reaction

A

occurs on cell surface
Results in direct cell death/malfunction

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16
Q

type 3 reaction

A

immune complexes are deposited into tissue and result in inflammation that destroys tissues

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17
Q

What type of reaction involves anti-GBM antibodies?

A

Type two

18
Q

What type of reaction involves immune complexes in GBM?

A

Type three

19
Q

what do both forms of injuries involve?

A

Accumulation of antigens, antibodies, complement

Complement Activation results in tissue injury

20
Q

is acute glomerulonephritis rapid or slow onset?

A

Abrupt onset

21
Q

s/sx of acute glomerulonephritis

A

HARP
Hematuria
Azotemia
Retention – sodium and water, oliguria – hypertension, and edema
Proteinuria – hypoproteinemia

22
Q

post infectious

A

Post strep, and non-strep
Bacterial, viral, parasitic

23
Q

primary disease

A

berger disease
IgA builds up in kidney

24
Q

Multi system disease

A

Good posture syndrome
systemic lupus
Vasculitis
erythematosus

25
Q

which multisystem disease is an auto immune?

A

Good posture syndrome
Anti-GBM antibodies, attack self

26
Q

pathogenesis

A

Trigger
Immune complex forms
Complement activated – inflammation
Release of mediators
Tissue injury
Hematuria, proteinuria, decreased GFR

27
Q

chronic glomerulonephritis

A

Long-term inflammation– months to years

Build up of scar tissue – can’t filter properly

28
Q

s/sx chronic glomerulonephritis

A

Depends on the severity
Progression – renal failure
Slow and progressive destruction

29
Q

what does chronic glomerulonephritis end with?

A

End stage renal disease – dialysis

30
Q

pharm treatment for glomerulonephritis

A

corticosteroids – prednisone
Diuretics
Immuno suppressants
Antihypertensives – ACE/ARB
Dialysis, diet – less sodium, potassium, protein

31
Q

s/sx glomerulonephritis

A

hematuria – coffee/cola, urine color
Oliguria – <400mL/day
Fluid retention – generalized edema, HTN
Labs – increased BUN and Cr (>20:1)
+ protein in urine – hypoproteinemia, low albumin

32
Q

Diabetic neuropathy

A

Gross thickening of GBM
Uncontrolled blood sugar
Can’t filter out
Les urine – more toxins

33
Q

hypertensive glomerular disease

A

Increased pressure
Decreased Renal perfusion
Sclerotic glomerular changes

34
Q

thickening is associated with?

A

Diabetic neuropathy

35
Q

scarring is associated with?

A

Hypertensive glomerular disease

36
Q

nephrotic syndrome

A

Glomerulus is permeable to plasma membranes

Elimination >3g protein/day

37
Q

how should urine be tested with nephrotic syndrome?

A

24 hour urine – measure proteins

38
Q

Cause of nephrotic syndrome

A

glomerulonephritis
Diabetes

39
Q

pathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome

A

Damage to glomerulus
Increased glomerular permeability
Proteinuria
Hypoalbuminemia

40
Q

what happens when there is more protein in the urine?

A

Less in circulation

41
Q

s/sx nephrotic syndrome

A

edema – loss of oncotic pressure, fluid into third space
HTN, HLD
Hypercoagulation – loss of antithrombin III and plasminogen

NUR 326 (32 decks)

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