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NUR 326 > PVD > Flashcards

PVD Flashcards

1
Q

PVD

A

Peripheral vascular disease
Umbrella term for arteries and Venus diseases

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2
Q

patho of PVD

A

atherosclerosis in extremities

Ischemia reperfusion

Reduced myofibers, impaired, peripheral nerve function, muscle damage, degeneration

Impaired oxygen consumption

Increase the rate of mobility loss

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3
Q

risk factors for PVD

A

Smoking
Diabetes, high cholesterol
Heart disease
Stroke
>50

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4
Q

cause of PVD

A

Most common – atherosclerosis
Thrombus – clotting
Inflammation of arteries– thromboangitis obliterans
Vasospasm – raynauds disease

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5
Q

s/sx PAD

A

due to local tissue, ischemia an appearance in extremities

calf, buttock pain – numbness, burning, heaviness, intermittent claudication

Wounds that won’t heal
Decreased sensation in extremities
round, smooth sores on toes and feet
Black eschar

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6
Q

what are trophic skin changes in PAD?

A

Shiny and thick skin, toenails
Loss of leg hair
Decreased pulses
Pallor, cyanosis
Reactive hyperemia/dependent Rubor
Erectile dysfunction

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7
Q

intermittent claudication

A

Consistent pain precipitated by a consistent level of exercise

Cramping, Angina of lower extremities

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8
Q

T/F intermittent claudication does not stop with rest

A

False

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9
Q

what is intermittent claudication caused by?

A

Ischemic tissue
Arterial flow obstruction

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10
Q

where is a common site of PAD?

A

Femoral artery

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11
Q

5 P’s of PAD

A

Pain– intermittent claudication
Pulselessness
Palpable, coolness
Paresthesias
Paresis – weakness

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12
Q

dx of PAD

A

ankle brachial index
Compare blood pressure in leg versus arm

Severe – 0.5 ratio.

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13
Q

s/sx PVD

A

dull, achy pain
Lower leg edema
Pulse and drainage present
Sores with a regular borders on ankles
Redskin
Yellow slough

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14
Q

chronic venous insufficiency

A

Occurs when venous wall and/or valves in leg veins are not working effectively

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15
Q

venous stasis

A

Blood pools or collects in veins

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16
Q

s/sx chronic venous insufficiency

A

Lower extremity edema
Achyness, tiredness
Leathery looking skin – dark, hard
Stasis ulcers on ankles
Flaky, itchy skin
New varicose veins

17
Q

valve disease types

A

wear and tear
Calcification
pannus
Endocarditis – inflammation infection
Thrombus – clot

18
Q

stenosis valve

A

Very hard, tight, stiff
Hard for blood to get through

19
Q

regurgitation valve

A

Very loose, blood flows backward and increases pressures

20
Q

aortic stenosis triad

A

Chest pain
SOB
Lightheaded

21
Q

endocarditis

A

Vegetation of valves – infective mass
Septic emboli
Can cause pulmonary occlusion

22
Q

risk factors for endocarditis

A

Prosthetic valve
Pacemaker
IV drug abuse

23
Q

causative agents for endocarditis

A

Strep viridans
Staph aureus
Staph epidermidis

Contaminated needle, dirty skin

24
Q

s/sx endocarditis

A

fever, chills
Anorexia, weight loss
Heart murmur
Myalgias, arthralgias
Ischemia in extremities, spleen, kidney, bowel, brain
septic emboli can cause stroke

Neuro sx– meningitis, seizures, and cephalopathy, abscess of brain

25
Q

septic emboli

A

Infected blood clots

Travel to heart
adhere to damaged endothelial tissue
attract white blood cells and platelet’s
release cytokines and coags

26
Q

patho of septic emboli

A

simulation of coags– fibrin deposition– develop vegetation

Vegetations found in valve, leaflets, cannibalize into circulation

Carried by bloodstream – infection/ischemia in tissue

27
Q

s/sx septic emboli

A

Petechiae – non-blanchable
Splinter hemorrhage
Janeway lesions
olsers nodes
roth spots

28
Q

Splinter hemorrhage

A

Linear streaks and nails

29
Q

Janeway lesions

A

Red, swollen, nontender on palms and soles

30
Q

olsers nodes

A

Subcutaneous nodules on fingertip pads

31
Q

roth spots

A

Oval retinal hemorrhage with pale center

32
Q

why are drug users involved with septic emboli?

A

Veins are portals of entry with drug use

33
Q

duke criteria of infectious endocarditis

A

Two Major
One major, three minor
Five Minor.

34
Q

Treatment for infectious endocarditis

A

antibiotics – blood culture to treat specific bacteria

4 to 10 weeks, lengthy hospital stay

PICC line used

NUR 326 (32 decks)

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