Pancreatic Disorders

Question 1

acute pancreatitis

Answer 1

Inflammation of the pancreas

Question 2

what does the severity depend on in acute pancreatitis?

Answer 2

Severity ranges from mild edema to severe hemorrhagic necrosis

Question 3

risk factors for acute pancreatitis

Answer 3

Middle age
Race. – African-Americans.

Question 4

etiology of pancreatitis

Answer 4

Biliary, tract disease – women
Alcohol abuse – men
Some G.I. procedures, meds

Question 5

pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis

Answer 5

1- pancreatic cells are injured
2- pancreatic enzymes are activated
3- auto digestion
4- mild to severe pancreatitis

Question 6

what is the endocrine function of the pancreas?

Answer 6

Release of insulin and glucagon for blood sugar control

Question 7

what is the exocrine function of the pancreas?

Answer 7

Aids in digestion

Question 8

What occurs from the release of trypsin enzyme?

Answer 8

edema, necrosis, hemorrhage

Question 9

what occurs from the release of elastase enzyme?

Answer 9

Hemorrhage

Question 10

what occurs from the release of phospholipase A enzyme?

Answer 10

Fat necrosis within pancreas

Question 11

what occurs with the release of Kallikrein enzyme?

Answer 11

edema, decreased vascular permeability

Smooth muscle contraction – pain

Shock

Question 12

what occurs with the release of lipase enzymes?

Answer 12

Fat necrosis

Question 13

s/sx of acute pancreatitis

Answer 13

LUQ pain, epigastric pain
Sudden onset
Radiation – back
Tender Abd

Question 14

other s/sx of acute pancreatitis

Answer 14

N/V
abdominal distention
Hypoactive bowel sounds
Fever
Hypotension, tachycardia
Jaundice
Increased amylase, lipase, glucose, WBC

Question 15

what s/sx show a risk for peritonitis, sepsis and shock?

Answer 15

N/V
hypotension
Fever
Tachycardia

Question 16

skin s/sx of acute pancreatitis

Answer 16

Cyanosis
Green/yellow/brown discoloration of abdomen
Ecchymoses– hemorrhaging

Question 17

Ecchymoses

Answer 17

flank – grey turner’s sign
Peri umbilical – Cullens sign

Question 18

complications of acute pancreatitis

Answer 18

Pseudo cyst
Abscess
Pulmonary issues
Hypotension
Tetany from hypocalcemia
Increased risk for clotting

Question 19

pseudo cyst

Answer 19

Fluid filled cavity that surrounds outside of pancreas, filled with necrotic secretions

Results in inflammation and scarring of areas near pancreas

Question 20

What is a distinguishable symptom of a pseudo cyst?

Answer 20

Palpable epigastric mass

Question 21

pancreatic abscess

Answer 21

Large fluid filled cavity within pancreas

Result of extensive necrosis, sis and pancreas

Question 22

what is a distinguishable symptom of a pancreatic abscess?

Answer 22

Palpable, abdominal mass
Increased fever, leukocytosis

Question 23

chronic pancreatitis

Answer 23

Inflammation of pancreas persisting over weeks to months

Question 24

etiology of chronic pancreatitis

Answer 24

Alcohol abuse

Question 25

pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis

Answer 25

Destruction of tissue/necrosis
Fibrosis – scar tissue
Loss of pancreatic enzymes and insulin

Question 26

can chronic pancreatitis continue after stopping alcohol use?

Answer 26

Yes

Question 27

s/sx of chronic pancreatitis

Answer 27

Attacks of acute pancreatitis with progressive signs of dysfunction after attack subsides

Chronic pain
Diabetes
Malabsorption of fat
Weight loss

Question 28

what is a key symptoms of chronic pancreatitis?

Answer 28

Chronic pain

Question 29

why would morphine be given as a drug therapy?

Answer 29

Relief of pain

Question 30

what would dicyclomine be given for as drug therapy?

Answer 30

Anti-spasmodic, anticholinergic agent

Question 31

what do antacids and H2 receptor antagonists assist with for drug therapy?

Answer 31

Decreasing HCl secretion in stomach, which decreases secretion of pancreatic enzymes

Question 32

why would pancrelipase be given?

Answer 32

Replacement therapy for pancreatic enzymes

Aids in digestion

Question 33

can pancrelipase be given for acute pancreatitis?

Answer 33

No, only chronic

Question 34

why would insulin be given?

Answer 34

Treating for diabetes