Pancreatic Disorders Flashcards
acute pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas
what does the severity depend on in acute pancreatitis?
Severity ranges from mild edema to severe hemorrhagic necrosis
risk factors for acute pancreatitis
Middle age
Race. – African-Americans.
etiology of pancreatitis
Biliary, tract disease – women
Alcohol abuse – men
Some G.I. procedures, meds
pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis
1- pancreatic cells are injured
2- pancreatic enzymes are activated
3- auto digestion
4- mild to severe pancreatitis
what is the endocrine function of the pancreas?
Release of insulin and glucagon for blood sugar control
what is the exocrine function of the pancreas?
Aids in digestion
What occurs from the release of trypsin enzyme?
edema, necrosis, hemorrhage
what occurs from the release of elastase enzyme?
Hemorrhage
what occurs from the release of phospholipase A enzyme?
Fat necrosis within pancreas
what occurs with the release of Kallikrein enzyme?
edema, decreased vascular permeability
Smooth muscle contraction – pain
Shock
what occurs with the release of lipase enzymes?
Fat necrosis
s/sx of acute pancreatitis
LUQ pain, epigastric pain
Sudden onset
Radiation – back
Tender Abd
other s/sx of acute pancreatitis
N/V
abdominal distention
Hypoactive bowel sounds
Fever
Hypotension, tachycardia
Jaundice
Increased amylase, lipase, glucose, WBC
what s/sx show a risk for peritonitis, sepsis and shock?
N/V
hypotension
Fever
Tachycardia
skin s/sx of acute pancreatitis
Cyanosis
Green/yellow/brown discoloration of abdomen
Ecchymoses– hemorrhaging
Ecchymoses
flank – grey turner’s sign
Peri umbilical – Cullens sign
complications of acute pancreatitis
Pseudo cyst
Abscess
Pulmonary issues
Hypotension
Tetany from hypocalcemia
Increased risk for clotting
pseudo cyst
Fluid filled cavity that surrounds outside of pancreas, filled with necrotic secretions
Results in inflammation and scarring of areas near pancreas
What is a distinguishable symptom of a pseudo cyst?
Palpable epigastric mass
pancreatic abscess
Large fluid filled cavity within pancreas
Result of extensive necrosis, sis and pancreas
what is a distinguishable symptom of a pancreatic abscess?
Palpable, abdominal mass
Increased fever, leukocytosis
chronic pancreatitis
Inflammation of pancreas persisting over weeks to months
etiology of chronic pancreatitis
Alcohol abuse
pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis
Destruction of tissue/necrosis
Fibrosis – scar tissue
Loss of pancreatic enzymes and insulin
can chronic pancreatitis continue after stopping alcohol use?
Yes
s/sx of chronic pancreatitis
Attacks of acute pancreatitis with progressive signs of dysfunction after attack subsides
Chronic pain
Diabetes
Malabsorption of fat
Weight loss
what is a key symptoms of chronic pancreatitis?
Chronic pain
why would morphine be given as a drug therapy?
Relief of pain
what would dicyclomine be given for as drug therapy?
Anti-spasmodic, anticholinergic agent
what do antacids and H2 receptor antagonists assist with for drug therapy?
Decreasing HCl secretion in stomach, which decreases secretion of pancreatic enzymes
why would pancrelipase be given?
Replacement therapy for pancreatic enzymes
Aids in digestion
can pancrelipase be given for acute pancreatitis?
No, only chronic
why would insulin be given?
Treating for diabetes
