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NUR 326 > Heart failure > Flashcards

Heart failure Flashcards

1
Q

cardio myopathy

A

Disease that affects the myocardium – heart muscle

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2
Q

causes of cardiomyopathy

A

Usually idiopathic**
Canby, ischemia, HTN, inherited disorders, infections, toxins, myocarditis, Auto immune

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3
Q

Types of cardiomyopathy

A

dilated
Hyper trophic
Restrictive

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4
Q

heart failure

A

Chronic progressive condition
Heart muscle is unable to pump enough blood to Meet bodies needs for blood and oxygen

Myocardium is weakend, pump is insufficient

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5
Q

What is the most common cause of hospitalization?

A

Heart failure

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6
Q

T/F cardiac output, increases with heart failure

A

False, decreases

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7
Q

Preload

A

Fluid in left ventricle

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8
Q

Afterload

A

Pressure needed for a contraction

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9
Q

myocardial contractility

A

Pump effectiveness

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10
Q

which two factors of cardiac output increases with heart failure

A

Preload and after load

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11
Q

which factor decreases with heart failure?

A

Myocardial contractility

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12
Q

pathophys of heart failure

A

Volume overload – fluid back up, not pumping enough

Impaired ventricular filling

Weakened ventricular muscle

Decrease ventricular contractile function

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13
Q

when does the impaired ventricular filling occur?

A

During diastole in between contractions

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14
Q

when does decreased ventricular contractile function occur?

A

During systole

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15
Q

cause of heart failure

A

Repeated ischemic episodes
MI – papillary muscle rupture
Chronic HTN
COPD
Dysrhythmias
Valve disorders – mitral, insufficiency, aortic stenosis
Pulmonary embolus

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16
Q

risk factors for heart failure

A

1 – HTN
Diabetes
MI within six months - 22% men, 46% women
post menopausal women
African-American
Genetic link, family history
>65
Ischemic, heart disease
Obesity, smoking, sedentary lifestyle
COPD – right sided
Severe anemia
Congenital heart defects
Viruses
Alcohol/drug abuse
Kidney conditions

17
Q

Frank starling law

A

An increase in resting muscle fiber length results in a greater muscle tension

The heart has the ability to change its force of contraction and stroke, volume in response to changes in venous return

18
Q

left sided heart failure

A

Congestion and left Chambers and lungs

Left ventricle size increases

Backflow in pulmonary veins

** left=lungs

19
Q

sx left-sided failure

A

(Pulmonary)
cough, crackles, wheezes
Frothy, sputum, blood tinged
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Orthopnea

Tachycardia, fatigue, tachypnea, cyanosis, restlessness

20
Q

right sided heart failure

A

Congestion in right Chambers
Increase in right ventricle size

Backflow into vena cava, decreased to lungs

Congestion in jugular veins, liver, lower extremities

21
Q

sx right sided heart failure

A

JVD – jugular vein, distention
Dependent edema – below heart
Weight gain
Enlarged spleen and liver

ascites, anorexia, G.I. distress

22
Q

HTN is associated with which side heart failure

A

Left

23
Q

COPD is associated with which sided heart failure

A

Right

24
Q

Ejection fraction

A

amount of blood pumped out of left ventricle with each squeeze

Normal: 55 to 65%

25
Q

reduced ejection fraction/systolic HF

A

HFreF

EF <40%

Left ventricle, lose his ability to generate pressure to eject blood

Weekend muscle cannot generate stroke, volume and decreased cardiac output

Left ventricle fails, blood backs up, fluid back up in pulmonary system

26
Q

Who is HFreF more common in?

A

Younger age, male
History of CAD, DM

27
Q

cause of HFreF

A

Impaired contractile function
Increased afterload
Cardiomyopathy
Mechanical problems

28
Q

preserved ejection fraction/diastolic HF

A

HFpeF

Inability of ventricles to relax and fell during diastole

Left ventricle is stiff and non-compliant leading to high feeling pressures

EF is normal or moderate decrease 40-49%

29
Q

what occurs with decreased cardiac output?

A

Fluid congestion

30
Q

cause of HFpeF

A

Chronic hypertension

31
Q

Who is HFpeF more common in?

A

older, female
Obese, DM

32
Q

chronic heart failure

A

Progressive
Episodes of decompensated HF
New/worst symptoms
Frequent ER visits
Hospitalization

33
Q

ventricular remodeling

A

A weakened heart muscle secretes molecular substances

Overtime – provoke, genetic changes, apoptosis, hypertrophy of cardiac cells , collagen deposits, and mile cardio fibrosis

34
Q

molecular changes

A

Angiotensin two, aldosterone, endothelin, TNF alpha, catecholamines, insulin like growth, factor, growth factor

enlargement in dilation of left ventricle, worsens heart failure

35
Q

S3 Gallup

A

Low pitch sound heard after S2

During rapid filling of ventricle, in early part of diastole

High ventricular and end-diastolic volume

Increased pressure within ventricles

36
Q

T/F greater than 40 years old and presence of S3 is indicative of heart failure

A

True

NUR 326 (32 decks)

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