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LA Clinical Medicine > Unit 4 - PRRS > Flashcards

Unit 4 - PRRS Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: PRRS is the most expensive disease affecting US swine

A

True

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2
Q

What type of virus is the PRRS virus?

A

an enveloped RNA virus

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3
Q

T/F: Since the PRRS virus is an enveloped virus, this means that it does not survive well in the environment.

A

True- however it is relatively stable in cold weather

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4
Q

Usually what open reading frame of PRRS virus is sequenced?

A

ORF 5

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5
Q

80% of the PRRSv genome is ORF __.

A

1

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6
Q

What is the PRRSV strain that is found in North America?

A

PRRSV-2

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7
Q

What are the epidemiolgically relevant characteristics of PRRSV?

A

They are constantly changing
Pig genetic resistance is described
Immunity induced by one ‘strain’ does not fully protect against another ‘strain’

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8
Q

T/F: The most infectious route of PRRSV transmission is via the aerosol route

A

True - Aerosol > SQ, IM > Intranasal > Artificial Insemination > Oral

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9
Q

What is the epidemiologic triad for PRRS?

A

Pig, PRRSv, and Environment

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10
Q

When can antibodies begin to be detected via ELISA post PRRSv infection?

A

Beginning at week 1, ~90% at 2 weeks

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11
Q

When is PRRSv at its peak in blood? What test can detect it here?

A

Peak at 1 week - detected by PCR

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12
Q

How long do PRRSv infected pigs shed the virus?

A

From day 1 to approximately 3 months

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13
Q

Where does PRRSv live in the body?

A

Lung, tonsils, and lymph nodes - detectable by PCR

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14
Q

How is PRRSv transmitted?

A

Inhalation, ingestion, coitus, semen, bite wounds, or needles

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15
Q

Where does PRRSv replicate?

A

In mucosal, pulmonary, or regional macrophages

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16
Q

When do viral PRRSv titers peak?

A

At 7-14 day

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17
Q

Where anatomically does prolonged infection occur in cases of subclinical PRRSv?

A

the lungs and lymphoid tissues

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18
Q

How do sows clinically present with PRRSv?

A

Increased abortion, premature farrowing with weak liveborn pigs, increased incidence of stillborns, and increased incidence of autolyzed fetuses

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19
Q

How do neonatal pigs clinically present with PRRSv?

A

Pneumonia, increased mortality

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20
Q

How do growing pigs clinically present with PRRSv?

A

Pneumonia, increased concurrent bacterial infections, and increased mortality

21
Q

How do boars clinically present with PRRSv?

A

Fever, and morphological changes to semen

22
Q

PRRSv induces lymphadenopathy characterized by what?

A

Hyperplasia of lymphoid follicles

23
Q

There are a lot of available tests for detection of PRRSv. What are the most common/preferred ones?

A

PCR, virus sequencing, ELISA, and IHC

24
Q

What does PCR for PRRSv measure?

A

The level of viremia and shedding

25
Q

What is the purpose of virus sequencing for PRRSv?

A

Epidemiological investigations

26
Q

What is the purpose of ELISA testing for PRRSv?

A

Investigate virus exposure

27
Q

What is the purpose of IHC testing for PRRSv?

A

To double-check an unexpected positive result on ELISA

28
Q

What is the point of virus neutralization?

A

To determine the protective immune response

29
Q

What clinical signs from a sow farm can be indicative of PRRSv?

A

Sows off feed, increased abortions, increased mummified fetuses + stillbirths, increased pre-weaning mortality

30
Q

What clinical signs form growing pigs can be indicative of PRRSv?

A

Increased mortality, poorer growth efficiency
Increased severity of other diseases
Respiratory disease

31
Q

Does PCR or ELISA detect for evidence of exposure?

A

ELISA

32
Q

What samples can be used for PCR detection of PRRSv?

A

Blood, processing fluids, oral fluids, semen

Lungs, tonsils, lymph nodes

33
Q

What samples can be used for ELISA detection of PRRSv?

A

Blood, processing fluids, oral fluids

34
Q

What general lesion will you find in pathology of the lungs in a PRRSv patient?

A

Interstitial pneumonia

35
Q

What samples are used for individual pig sampling??

A

Serum, blood swab, and tonsil scraping

36
Q

What samples are used for population-based sampling?

A

Oral fluids, processing fluids, and production data

37
Q

Is individual or herd monitoring more practical and cheaper?

A

Population-based sampling

38
Q

What are the goals for control of PRRSv?

A

Maintain as PRRSv-positive, limiting production impact of outbreaks

39
Q

What are the goals for elimination of PRRSv?

A

Eliminate the virus and maintain as a PRRSv-negative herd

40
Q

What are the key points for PRRS control?

A

Build herd immunity

Bio-management practices

41
Q

How is herd immunity against PRRSv built?

A

Immunize incoming gilts
Immunize sows
Temporarily interrupt gilt introduction

42
Q

What is the challenge with immunization of PRRSv?

A

PRRsv is a moving target to vaccine development

43
Q

What are the immunologic solutions to the PRRSv moving target challenge?

A

An attenuated virus vaccine
Live-virus inoculation
Killed virus vaccine

44
Q

Why would you want to ‘classify herds; for PRRSv?

A

Allows for vet-to-vet communication
Market
Epidemiological studies
Track industry progress over time

45
Q

PRRSv is a highly ______ virus, causing important economic impact in IA, USA and the worldwide pig industry. It is transmitted _____ and ______.

A

mutagenic

Directly and indirectly

46
Q

T/F: It is possible to eliminate PRRSv without depopulation.

A

True

47
Q

Successfully managing PRRSv depends on what?

A

Adjusting gilt acclimation, gilt flow, and herd immunization

48
Q

What is the main key for control and elimination of PRRSv?

A

Diagnostic monitoring

LA Clinical Medicine (33 decks)

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