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LA Clinical Medicine > Unit 4 - Environment > Flashcards

Unit 4 - Environment Flashcards

1
Q

When is space critical?

A

On arrival and at the end (before the piggy goes to the market)

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2
Q

What does M. hyopneumoniae do to the mucociliary apparatus?

A

Causes atrophy

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3
Q

What does dehydration do to the mucociliary apparatus?

A

Decreases the fluid layer

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4
Q

What does ammonia do to the mucociliary apparatus?

A

Inhibits cilia movement resulting in reduced clearance of bacteria

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5
Q

What does mucociliary apparatus disruption make pig more prone to?

A

Pneumonia

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6
Q

What are the four types of heat loss/gain?

A

Conductive, convective, evaporative, and radiant

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7
Q

What is conductive heat loss/gain?

A

Heat loss/gain via contact

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8
Q

What is convective heat loss/gain?

A

Heat loss/gain via air movement

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9
Q

What is evaporative heat loss/gain?

A

Heat loss/gain via the skin or respiratory tract

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10
Q

What is radiant heat loss/gain?

A

Heat loss/gain via cold objects at a distance

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11
Q

When assessing temperature, what should be assessed?

A

Effective environmental temperature

Lower and upper critical temperature

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12
Q

Describe the thermal environment in equal opportunity nurseries.

A

Micro comfort boards with cold floors - pigs fight for the best environment; bigger pigs win, smaller ones use

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13
Q

What facility design components can improve the pigs environment?

A

Zone heating
Self-adjusting inlets
Plastic floors
Big pens

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14
Q

What does zone heating allow for?

A

The reduction of room temperature and increase ventilation rate

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15
Q

What do self-adjusting inlets do?

A

Direct air into alley ways for young pigs

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16
Q

What do plastic floors do?

A

Increase effective environmental temperature

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17
Q

What do big pens allow for?

A

Pigs can choose comfortable areas and avoid uncomfortable areas

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18
Q

What are the types of ventilation systems in facilities?

A

Negative pressure, positive pressure, and neutral pressure

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19
Q

What is the most common type of ventilation system in facilities?

A

Negative pressure

20
Q

What ventilation equipment is part of the negative pressure system?

A

Exhaust fans, passive inlets

21
Q

What ventilation equipment is part of the positive pressure system?

A

Passive outlets, input fans

22
Q

What ventilation equipment is part of the neutral pressure system?

A

Fans both in and out

23
Q

What are natural ventilation systems for hot weather?

A

Breezes and wind

24
Q

What are natural ventilation systems for cold weather?

A

Thermal buoyancy forces

25
Q

What is the ventilation system that most Iowa farmers use?

A

Combination - mechanical in cold weather and natural in hot weather

26
Q

How do negative pressure ventilation systems work?

A

The fans pull old air out of the building
As air moves out it creates negative pressure
Fresh air is pulled in to the building

27
Q

How do positive pressure ventilation systems work?

A

Fresh air is pulled in to the building
As air is pulled inside positive pressure builds up
Old air is then forced out of the building

28
Q

What are the sources of dust/particles in the pigs environment?

A

Feed, dander, dried feces, microbes, and insects

29
Q

What size (in microns) of dust is respirable?

A

<5-10 microns

30
Q

What biologically active compounds are in dust/particles?

A

Endotoxin, beta glucans

Absorbed gases and odors

31
Q

How are dust/particulates controlled?

A

Reduce production - add fat or oil to diets

32
Q

What should you not do to control dust/particulates because it can make them worse?

A

Increase ventilation

33
Q

What are the sources of water/humidity in the pigs environment?

A

Pig respiration, heaters, and outside air

34
Q

What can increase water/humidity in the environment?

A

Inadequate ventilation at minimum rates

35
Q

What are the pit gasses?

A

Methane, ammonia, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide

36
Q

Describe the characteristics of methane.

A

Lighter than air, odorless, and flammable

37
Q

Describe the characteristics of ammonia.

A

Lighter than air, sharp odor, and irritation of respiratory tract and eyes

38
Q

What are the sources of carbon dioxide in a pigs environment?

A

Pig’s respiration, heaters, outside air is only 300 ppm

39
Q

How is carbon dioxide reduced in the environment?

A

Increase ventilation rate

40
Q

What are the sources of ammonia in a pigs environment?

A

Urine and feces, especially as they dry

41
Q

How can the waste handling system impact ammonia levels?

A

Levels are increased with scrapers
Insufficient water in pigs
Rapid air flow across pit surface will cause release of ammonia

42
Q

What increases carbon monoxide levels in a pigs environment?

A

Malfunctioning heaters - a yellow flame is indicative that there is not enough oxygen

43
Q

What age group is the most susceptible to carbon monoxide?

A

The fetus - the fetal hemoglobin affinity coefficient is higher than adult hemoglobin

44
Q

In what season are carbon monoxide levels more pronounced?

A

Hot weather

45
Q

When is hydrogen sulfide released?

A

From manure pits during agitation

46
Q

When agitating manure pits, what should be done first?

A 
Remove pigs
Increase ventilation rates
Avoid disruption of surface
Watch closely
Exit building if pigs start passing out
47
Q

Why should you leave the building if pigs start passing out when the manure pit is agitated?

A

H2S is very deadly and there is a certain threshold where it cannot be smelled anymore because it causes olfactory paralysis
If you cant smell it you are screwed

LA Clinical Medicine (33 decks)

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