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LA Clinical Medicine > Unit 4 - Identification of Sick Pigs > Flashcards

Unit 4 - Identification of Sick Pigs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the normal posture for a pig?

A

Sternal or lateral recumbency

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2
Q

What abnormal postures can pigs exhibit?

A

Dog sitting, head extended, arched back, favored limb, and head tilt

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3
Q

What does dog sitting indicate?

A

Pneumonia, pleuritis, and back injury

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4
Q

What does head extension indicate?

A

Respiratory distress

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5
Q

What does an arched back indicate?

A

Pain - lameness, polyerositis

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6
Q

Describe normal general behavior that pigs can have.

A

Curious, avoid confrontation
Will squeal when held or in pain
Bite clothing, boots, and rarely hand or body

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7
Q

What are some abnormal general behaviors that pigs can have?

A

Hyperkinetic

Listless/lethargic/slow

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8
Q

What can cause hyperkinetic behaviors in pigs?

A

Nutritional deficiencies, genetics, CNS disease

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9
Q

What can cause listless/lethargic/slow behaviors in pigs?

What does this behavior look like?

A

Cause: Systemic illness
Appearance: Reluctant or failure to move when stimulated, drooping ears

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10
Q

What is the normal flight distance for pigs?

A

8-10 feet

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11
Q

T/F: You should always be wary when around a boar.

A

True - they can be aggressive especially if they don’t know you

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12
Q

What is the typical behavior for a pig to have if you move forward towards them?

A

They try to backup or turn around and escape

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13
Q

Where is the normal blind spot in a pig?

A

Behind the shoulder and directly behind the pig

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14
Q

What should a pigs normal body condition look like?

A

Hair coat, muscle/fat cover skeleton, full belly

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15
Q

What will an unthrifty pig look like?

A

Skeleton exposed

Hair coat often longer and more dense

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16
Q

What will an off-feed pig look like?

A

Empty belly (36-48 hours after quit eating)

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17
Q

When looking at the conformation of a pig, what is the main emphasis on?

A

Muscle/skeleton - proper angulation of limbs, even toe size

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18
Q

What abnormal reproductive conformations can pigs have?

A

Abnormal vulva/hermaphrodites

Abnormal underline

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19
Q

What is the desired number of functioning teats a pig should have?

A

14+

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20
Q

Pigs are marginally ________ meaning their temperature will _______ with stress (little pigs) and will ______ with high ambient temperatures.

A

Homeothermic
Increase
Increase

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21
Q

What is skin evaluated for?

A

Hair coat - length and density
Rough/excorations - mange mites
Lice
Rub marks

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22
Q

What does superficial conjunctival congestion indicate?

A

Insects

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23
Q

What does tearing indicate?

A

Plugged lacrimal ducts or excessive production from irritation

24
Q

What are the ears evaluated for?

A

Hematomas, cannibalism, and necrosis

25
Q

What does lateral/dorsal nose deviation indicate?

A

atrophic rhinitis

26
Q

What does nose swelling indicate?

A

Bull nose or improper teeth clipping

27
Q

What can cause nasal discharge?

A

Blood with atrophic rhinitis, mucus/pus with inclusion body rhinitis

28
Q

What tail malformations can occur in pigs?

A

Too short, too long, or cannibalism

29
Q

T/F: Once a pig is pulled from a pen, they will be returned to the pen once they have healed.

A

False - they will not be returned to that pen - they have to establish a new hierarchy in their new pen

30
Q

What does normal stool look like in sows and young pigs?

A

Well formed, dark gray/green color

31
Q

What does normal stool look like in older pigs?

A

Formed but softer, green to yellow

32
Q

Red stool indicates what?

A

Lower bowel hemorrhage

33
Q

Black stool indicates what?

A

Upper bowel hemorrhage

34
Q

White stool indicates what?

A

Malabsorption

35
Q

Odorous stool indicates what?

A

TGE/PED

36
Q

Mucousy stool indicates what?

A

dysentery

37
Q

What breathing pattern is indicative of pneumonia?

A

Thumps - pronounced/abdominal/labored pattern

38
Q

What breathing pattern is indicative of hyperthermia?

A

Tachypnea, no labored pattern

39
Q

What is the breathing pattern highly dependent on?

A

environmental temperature

40
Q

If there is a productive cough suggestive of airway disease, what is the likely cause?

A

IAV

41
Q

If there is a non-productive cough suggestive of airway disease, what is the likely cause?

A

M. hyopneumoniae

42
Q

If the cough is not suggestive of airway disease, what are the top differentials?

A

PRRSV, PCV2, and APP

43
Q

What does presence of hemoptysis indicate?

A

APP

44
Q

How do pigs with lameness present?

A

Favor one limb - alter posture if multiple limbs are involved

45
Q

What foot lesions can be found?

A

Bruises, cracks, overgrown

46
Q

What legs are typically affected by splay leg?

A

Usually rear legs

47
Q

Arthritis is most common in what group?

A

Young pigs

48
Q

What are signs of OCD in pigs?

A

Splay legs in sows due to fracture of the tuber ischium
Unilateral rear leg lameness due to fracture of femoral cap
Joint mice in stifle

49
Q

What are signs of pain?

A

Grind teeth, squeal when moved

50
Q

What is normal post-farrowing discharge like?

A

Small amount of clear fluid, no odor

51
Q

What is abnormal post-farrowing discharge like?

A

Increased volume, red-brown color, foul odor

52
Q

What is post-breeding discharge indicative of?

A

They are not pregnant

53
Q

What is late gestational discharge often associated with?

A

Pregnancy

54
Q

What does red-brown fluid from the urinary tract indicate?

A

Cystitis/nephritis

55
Q

What CNS signs can/do pigs exhibit?

A 
Convulsions
Hyperextension
Rigidity
Head tilt
Circling
Extension of head in ratcheting patter with deprivation
56
Q

T/F: CNS signs are typically of infectious origin.

A

True

57
Q

Where is the most common location for intravenous injections in pigs?

A

In the ear vein

LA Clinical Medicine (33 decks)

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