Unit 1 - Cardiac and Genetic Testing Flashcards
What clinical signs are expected in ruminants with cardiac failure?
Depression, decreased milk production, jugular distention, and a heart murmur
What is the most common arrhythmia observed in ruminants?
Atrial fibrillation
What is atrial fibrillation in ruminants typically due to (like in the heart)?
a wandering pace maker - loss of SA node coordination
How is atrial fibrillation treated in ruminants?
It specifically is not treated. It typically will self resolve following therapy for the primary disease process
What primary disease process typically causes atrial fibrillation in ruminants?
Electrolyte, acid base, and/or GI abnormalities
What will the ECG look like in a ruminant with an atrial fibrillation?
There are no P waves
What will atrial fibrillation sound like on auscultation?
Irregular heart beat and pulse that sounds like tennis shoes in a clothes dryer
What are the potential causes of myocarditis in ruminants?
H. somnus, hardware disease, and ionophore toxicity
What is the most common congenital cardiac defect of ruminants?
ventricular septal defect
How do ruminants with VSD typically present?
with respiratory and cardiac signs
True or false: Louder murmurs tend to have a better prognosis.
True
Where is the most common site of valvular endocarditis in ruminants?
tricuspid valve
Is valvular endocarditis in ruminants a degenerative change?
It is very rarely degenerative - it is most likely due to a bacterial cause
What are the limitations to cTN1 testing?
While elevations can tell you that there is cardiac disease, or something going on in the thorax for that matter, it does not help with determining the exact cause
What can cause an elevation in cTN1?
Ionophore toxicosis, TRP, myocarditis, and thoracic abscesses and masses
