Unit 3 - Feedlot Animal Health Protocols Flashcards
What is the role of the veterinarian on the feedyard?
Population medicine and consultation
What is the focus of population medicine?
What is best for the herd - less emphasis on individual response to treatment
What do veterinarians consult with feedyards about?
Teaching and training
BQA and animal welfare
Data analysis
What are the main 3 causes of illness in the feedyard?
Bovine respiratory disease
Lameness
Metabolic
What are some of the other causes of illness in the feedyard?
Other respiratory issues - diphtheria and honkers Abscesses Ear infections Prolapses Calvers Bullers or Riders Brainers
What bovine respiratory diseases commonly affect the feedyard?
BRD, Pneumonia, and respys
Bovine respiratory disease makes up ____% of the pulls and ____% of all deads.
80%; 50%
What can cause lameness in a feedyard?
Foot rot, hairy heel warts, arthritis, injury, and toe lesions
What can cause metabolic disease in the feedyard?
Bloat, acidosis, coccidiosis, and acute interstitial pneumonia
What does DART stand for?
D - Depression
A - Anorexia
R - Respiratory character
T - Temperature
What to observe for when evaluating calves
What is a PTI?
Post-treatment Interval - how many days after treatment are we going to give the animal to recover before we treat them again
What is the purpose of IDing an animal after treatment?
To show that they have been treated and to show when they are eligible to be treated again
Bovine respiratory disease will peak with high risk cows around when?
Days 10-15
When should most BRD pulls come?
Before 60 days on feed
Bovine respiratory disease is a manifestation of multiple problems. What are they?
Issue with cattle source Vaccine failure Antibiotic failure Feed/water intake issues Weather
T/F: A cow can be treated with the same antibiotic that it was treated with metaphylactically when it arrived on the feedyard.
False - it won’t work
How many times should you treat a calf with antibiotics before you move it to the pen?
Treat for 3x and if it does not respond it is time
What ancillary therapy can be given to combat bovine respiratory disease?
Flunixin Meglumine
Vitamin C
Viral vaccine
Others - dexamethasone, lasix, and oral fluids
T/F: Antibiotics don’t cure calves.
True - antibiotics keep calves alive long enough for the immune system to work
Treatment failure of bovine respiratory disease is usually not failure of the drug but a failure of what?
Management or immunity
T/F: All lameness is due to footrot in one way or another.
False - tis not
What typically causes arthritis in feedlot cattle?
Mycoplasma bovis
What is the go to treatment for footrot?
Tetracycline
What conditions are associated with atypical interstitial pneumonia?
Long days on feed and other metabolic disorders (predispose)
What does acidosis occur in conjunction with?
BRD
After you see white caps in the yard, what will you see a few days after?
Respiratory pulls
What factors make a chronic a chronic?
Number of treatments
Severity of disease
Condition of the animal
T/F: Chronics are a huge welfare issue
True
Why is the chronic pen so important?
Calves are not going to compete in a pen full of happy calves so you need to separate them - they need a place with a lot of room to recover
What are potential destinations for chronics?
Euthanasia
Chronic pen
Realizer buyer
Restart
What is the purpose of tracking animal health?
To answer the question ‘Is what we are doing working?’
How is pull rate calculated?
(# of calves pulled) / (# of calves received)
How is chronic rate calculated?
(# of chronic calves) / (# of calves received)
How is death loss calculated?
(# of dead calves) / (# of calves received)
How is disease pull rate calculated?
(# of calves pulled for disease) / (# of calves received)
How is disease chronic rate calculated?
(# of chronic calves from disease ) / (# of calves received)
How is disease death loss calculated?
(# of calves died from disease) / (# of calves received)
How is case fatality rate calculated?
(# of calves died after treatment) / (Total # of calves treated)
How is 1st Tx success calculated?
((# Calves only treated once) - (# Calves died after treatment)) / Total # Calves Treated
What is the benchmark for dead:pulls?
10-15%
What is the benchmark for chronics:deads?
1:1 or 1:2
What is the benchmark for first treatment success?
70-80%
high risk on the 70% edge
If your percentage is too low from the first treatment success benchmark, what should your next step be?
New treatment
If your percentage is too high from the first treatment success benchmark, what should is likely happening?
Over treating
What is the benchmark for case fatality rate?
5-10%
5% - low risk better be lower
High risk you should be nervous if its higher than 10%
What are the most important calves to necropsy?
Pen deads, deads within 7 days of arrival, and if you are unsure of the diagnosis
Why are necropsies important for respiratory disease deaths?
Not all respiratory disease is created equal - duration, orientation, % of lung affected, cause/etiology
