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LA Clinical Medicine > Unit 3 - Feedlot Animal Health Protocols > Flashcards

Unit 3 - Feedlot Animal Health Protocols Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of the veterinarian on the feedyard?

A

Population medicine and consultation

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2
Q

What is the focus of population medicine?

A

What is best for the herd - less emphasis on individual response to treatment

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3
Q

What do veterinarians consult with feedyards about?

A

Teaching and training
BQA and animal welfare
Data analysis

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4
Q

What are the main 3 causes of illness in the feedyard?

A

Bovine respiratory disease
Lameness
Metabolic

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5
Q

What are some of the other causes of illness in the feedyard?

A 
Other respiratory issues - diphtheria and honkers
Abscesses
Ear infections
Prolapses
Calvers
Bullers or Riders
Brainers
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6
Q

What bovine respiratory diseases commonly affect the feedyard?

A

BRD, Pneumonia, and respys

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7
Q

Bovine respiratory disease makes up ____% of the pulls and ____% of all deads.

A

80%; 50%

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8
Q

What can cause lameness in a feedyard?

A

Foot rot, hairy heel warts, arthritis, injury, and toe lesions

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9
Q

What can cause metabolic disease in the feedyard?

A

Bloat, acidosis, coccidiosis, and acute interstitial pneumonia

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10
Q

What does DART stand for?

A

D - Depression
A - Anorexia
R - Respiratory character
T - Temperature

What to observe for when evaluating calves

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11
Q

What is a PTI?

A

Post-treatment Interval - how many days after treatment are we going to give the animal to recover before we treat them again

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12
Q

What is the purpose of IDing an animal after treatment?

A

To show that they have been treated and to show when they are eligible to be treated again

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13
Q

Bovine respiratory disease will peak with high risk cows around when?

A

Days 10-15

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14
Q

When should most BRD pulls come?

A

Before 60 days on feed

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15
Q

Bovine respiratory disease is a manifestation of multiple problems. What are they?

A 
Issue with cattle source
Vaccine failure
Antibiotic failure
Feed/water intake issues
Weather
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16
Q

T/F: A cow can be treated with the same antibiotic that it was treated with metaphylactically when it arrived on the feedyard.

A

False - it won’t work

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17
Q

How many times should you treat a calf with antibiotics before you move it to the pen?

A

Treat for 3x and if it does not respond it is time

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18
Q

What ancillary therapy can be given to combat bovine respiratory disease?

A

Flunixin Meglumine
Vitamin C
Viral vaccine
Others - dexamethasone, lasix, and oral fluids

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19
Q

T/F: Antibiotics don’t cure calves.

A

True - antibiotics keep calves alive long enough for the immune system to work

20
Q

Treatment failure of bovine respiratory disease is usually not failure of the drug but a failure of what?

A

Management or immunity

21
Q

T/F: All lameness is due to footrot in one way or another.

A

False - tis not

22
Q

What typically causes arthritis in feedlot cattle?

A

Mycoplasma bovis

23
Q

What is the go to treatment for footrot?

A

Tetracycline

24
Q

What conditions are associated with atypical interstitial pneumonia?

A

Long days on feed and other metabolic disorders (predispose)

25
Q

What does acidosis occur in conjunction with?

A

BRD

26
Q

After you see white caps in the yard, what will you see a few days after?

A

Respiratory pulls

27
Q

What factors make a chronic a chronic?

A

Number of treatments
Severity of disease
Condition of the animal

28
Q

T/F: Chronics are a huge welfare issue

A

True

29
Q

Why is the chronic pen so important?

A

Calves are not going to compete in a pen full of happy calves so you need to separate them - they need a place with a lot of room to recover

30
Q

What are potential destinations for chronics?

A

Euthanasia
Chronic pen
Realizer buyer
Restart

31
Q

What is the purpose of tracking animal health?

A

To answer the question ‘Is what we are doing working?’

32
Q

How is pull rate calculated?

A

(# of calves pulled) / (# of calves received)

33
Q

How is chronic rate calculated?

A

(# of chronic calves) / (# of calves received)

34
Q

How is death loss calculated?

A

(# of dead calves) / (# of calves received)

35
Q

How is disease pull rate calculated?

A

(# of calves pulled for disease) / (# of calves received)

36
Q

How is disease chronic rate calculated?

A

(# of chronic calves from disease ) / (# of calves received)

37
Q

How is disease death loss calculated?

A

(# of calves died from disease) / (# of calves received)

38
Q

How is case fatality rate calculated?

A

(# of calves died after treatment) / (Total # of calves treated)

39
Q

How is 1st Tx success calculated?

A

((# Calves only treated once) - (# Calves died after treatment)) / Total # Calves Treated

40
Q

What is the benchmark for dead:pulls?

A

10-15%

41
Q

What is the benchmark for chronics:deads?

A

1:1 or 1:2

42
Q

What is the benchmark for first treatment success?

A

70-80%

high risk on the 70% edge

43
Q

If your percentage is too low from the first treatment success benchmark, what should your next step be?

A

New treatment

44
Q

If your percentage is too high from the first treatment success benchmark, what should is likely happening?

A

Over treating

45
Q

What is the benchmark for case fatality rate?

A

5-10%

5% - low risk better be lower
High risk you should be nervous if its higher than 10%

46
Q

What are the most important calves to necropsy?

A

Pen deads, deads within 7 days of arrival, and if you are unsure of the diagnosis

47
Q

Why are necropsies important for respiratory disease deaths?

A

Not all respiratory disease is created equal - duration, orientation, % of lung affected, cause/etiology

LA Clinical Medicine (33 decks)

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